A REVIEW ON SMALL HYDRO POWER POTENTIAL INVIDARBHA REGION ACROSS CENTRAL INDIA

Availability of fossil fuels is real struggle now days as it is of limited in nature on Earth.Renewable energy sources are available with ample of amount with different sources like solar, wind etc. One of such renewable energy is Small Hydro which is the most emerging technology for survival and generation of electricity. Therefore Small Hydro needs to be utilized for power development. Small Hydro Power (SHP) is one of the resources available for hilly region as well as other parts of the country.SHP plants are the need for today. India has around 20000 MW potential for large number small hydel plants in various states. Cost calculation for different SHP components has been covered in the current paper for collected data in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra State. The equation for design discharge has been formulated by considering the rivers with width, depth and the flow of water.


Introduction
The conventional sources of energy which are finite and therefore we must utilize the renewable sources like small hydro and solar. One of such source is SHP besides Solar, Wind, Biomass, Geothermal and Fuel Cell etc. There is tremendous scope in developing small hydro plants by constructing power projects on rivers and canals or at small dams.
The thesis in [1] covers the estimation of small, mini, micro hydro power potential in Vidharbha region of India. But the cost benching is not covered for this work. References [2] presents the cost effective designs for small hydro plant. Also civil structures are also discussed [3]. The details of SHP is mentioned in [4]. The data for work is presented in [5-6] for analysis of present work. Grid connected SHP development presented in [7][8] provides the idea for grid interfacing and rural electrification. Similar case study for river hydroelectric power plant is done in [9]. The turbine selection can done with the presented studies. The mathematical foundations for small hydro power cost analysis is presented in [10]. The vertical axis power turbine is presented in [11] and many such work are now attracting the interest of the researchers. The case study on Indian irrigation project is presented in [12]. The overall literature gives the idea to review the small hydro power potential in Vidharba region across central India.
Installed capacity of power projects decides the type of hydro power plant. Table 1.0 shows the maximum Installed Capacity of SHP.

Central Government Policy for SHP
India is the 3rd largest energy generator in the world, accounting for 4.8% of the global energy generation. Government is promoting in many ways to the SHP installation and operation. Government seeks private involvement in this sector by providing institutional mechanism.

Government of Maharashtra Policy for Private sector about SHP.
Govt. of Maharashtra is promoting the SHP through private partnership involvement.

Selection of Turbine for SHP based on Ns i.e. Specific Speed
While selection of turbine at potential site we need to very careful, so some standard values of specific speed are given for selection. Fig.1. shows the application of Turbine.

Diversion Weir
Diversion Weir is constructed to divert the river water towards intake channel. It must be constructed in such a way that it diverts all the lean season flows and structure stands safe during floods.

Disilting cum Forbay tank
It is constructed to remove pebbles and coarse suspended material to prevent erosion of turbine blades.

Penstock Pipe
The penstock is used to feed water to power house. Penstock is made up of mild steel, fibre glass or PVC depending upon conditions.

Power House
In Power House following equipment are installed: a) Turbine generation control panels b) Auxiliary equipment.

Equation tocalculate the discharge.
The equation for calculating the discharge is given below: Discharge = (26.11*width*depth) / time for float (1)

Discharge calculation with available data
Refer Table 1.0 where the data is collected for various potential available forVidarbha in Maharashtra State which includes seven districts.

Cost Calculations
The cost of various components mentioned above is calculated based on the reference paper and then the cost approximate for the SHP with some constraints is calculated. Table 2.0 gives the details. Cost per kW is calculated for small hydro power potential of Vidarbha region based on following formula [11] and accordingly different graphs are plotted.

C= Cost per kW in Indian Rupees
H=Head in meter P= Capacity in kW

Result and Discussion
Approximate cost of given components of small hydro power plants which can be installed are calculated for identified sites of Vidarbha. Relational Graph shown in Fig. 2 is obtained by the calculation of cost per kW using formula (1-2) which indicates the variation of Power with respect to Cost.

Conclusion
Based on the study done and observations obtained with various references the small hydro power sites i.e. the sites which are below 25 MW are identified and the potential are known. The review has taken based on various references to obtain various parameters. In this paper attempt is made to calculate cost of components and cost per kW for 39 SHP sites