RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT STORAGE CONTAINERS IN RICE GENOTYPES DURING STORAGE

Rice is the staple food of more than half the world’s population and is being cultivated in Asia since ancient time’s generation after generation. Good quality seeds are the seeds of the green revolution, it has been assertively and emphatically shown that 15-20% increased yield could be achieved by the use of good quality seeds alone. Good quality seed is one of the most important requirements for production and supply to achieve higher production and productivity in any crop. The seed quality is depended on various factors Viz. genetic, edaphic, environmental, biotic, etc. Good quality seed production depends on complex conditions evoking the most favorable interactions between the genetic makeup of the seed and the environment, under which it is produced, harvested, processed, and stored. Seeds undergo deterioration at various levels during storage resulting in a decline in vigor and viability. With the above considerations, the present investigation has been undertaken to observe the potentials of ten rice genotypes and observed its seed quality after harvesting in 2016-2017 at Seed Testing Laboratory, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India. Just after harvesting G 2 (Gobindabhog) and G 9 (IR-36) showed


INTRODUCTION
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the major staple food and is being cultivated in Asia since ancient time's generation after generation.The landraces and wild species, the genetic resources of rice also include the natural hybrids and a range of different genetic stocks comprising commercial and absolute varieties (Biswas et al., 2020).Seeds undergo deterioration at various levels during storage resulting in decline in a vigor and viability (Bordolui et al., 2015).The loss of viability during storage due to atmospheric factors from the time of maturity is a common phenomenon in all crop seeds until the next planting season (Ramanadane et al., 2005;Chandra et al., 2006).The deterioration leading to a loss in viability of seed may affect the yield of the crop in two ways: firstly, decrease in germination may lead to a suboptimal population of plants per unit area, secondly poor performance by the surviving plants (Roberts, 1972).Maintenance of viability, vigor, and storability of seeds is a problem in tropical regions where high temperature and high relative humidity accelerate seed deterioration which ultimately results in non-viability (Bordolui et al., 2018).Over the years, researchers have, involved themselves to develop more suitable techniques to keep the seed healthy, viable, and vigorous during storage.With this available background information, the present investigation is proposed to evaluate the morphology and quality of produced seeds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The panicles of ten rice genotypes Giz, Kailash (G1), Gobindabhog (G2), Kalma (G3), Dudheswar(G4), Malabati (G5), Kanakchur (G6), Kalojira (G7), Radhatilak (G8), IR-36 (G9) and Pusa-1509 (G10) were collected from the trial plot of Gontra village, Nadia, West Bengal.The laboratory experiment was carried out in seed testing laboratory, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India, during 2016-2017.Immediately after harvesting, seeds were properly sun-dried to its safe moisture content of rice seed collected from control plot of individual genotype for each replication were kept in four different packaging materials and one condition Viz., Different treatments were earthen pot with seed moisture content 10%-T1, cloth bag with seed moisture content 10%-T2, aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content 10%-T3, aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content 8%-T4 and polythene packet with seed moisture content 10%-T5.Different seed quality parameters such as root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling length (cm), germination percentage, and vigor index were recorded/determined at the pre-storage condition as well as at every three months interval up to one year of storage (Bordolui et al., 2006).The seedling vigor index was computed using the formula suggested by Abdul Baki and Anderson (1973) and data were analyzed by employing CRD through SASSA, DMRT.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Among the genotypes, significant variation was recorded for test weight, seedling root length, fresh weight, and dry weight only.Among the genotypes mean value of test weight varied from 11.84g for G2 to 22.27 for G1, and the deviation from the mean value was recorded from1.00 to 1.53.Constitution of different groups was: group A was constituted with single genotypes G10, B with two constituents G1 & G3, group C with G4 & G9 and remaining genotypes constituted group D. Average seedling shoot length varied from 10.81cm G1 to 14.76 cm G7.As the genotypes displayed non-significant variation in performance for this character, they formed a single group A. For G2, while G9 exhibited the highest root length (19.94 cm) and it was the lowest (11.24 cm) for G2, while the deviation from the mean value varied from 0.57 to 4.10.The genotypes formed different groups as G1 was grouped under DC, G2 was under D, G3 under AB group, BAC was formed with G4 , G5 and G7, while G6 and G8 were grouped under BCD, and G10 & G9 were grouped under AB and A respectively.Seedling fresh weighs highest (1.60g) for G9 and it was lowest (1.25g) for G2.As the genotypes displayed significant variation performance for this character, they formed different groups: G1 was grouped under the H group, G2 was grouped under J, both G3 and G9 were grouped under A, G4 was grouped under G, G5 was grouped under B, G6 was grouped under E, G7 was grouped under F, G8 was grouped under I, and G10 was grouped under C.While considering seedling dry weight the mean value was highest (0.95g) for G4 and lowest (0.52g) for G8.The genotypes constituted different groups with varying constituents: the genotype G1 was grouped under F, G2 was under G, G5 was under B, G4 was under A, G3 and G9 were under C, G7 was under E, G6 was under D, G8 was under I group, and G10 was grouped under H group. Maximum germination (97.66%) was recorded for both G2 and G9 though non-significant and it was minimum (96.66%) for G5, G7, and G3, while the deviation from the mean value varied from 0.52 to 1.15.The genotypes failed to constitute different groups due to their highest magnitude for vigor index (3204.13)was recorded for G9 and it was lowest for G10 (2009.17).Though non-significant variation among genotypes was noted for this character, genotype G1 was grouped under B, G2 was grouped under C, G3 and G9 were under A group, and G10 was grouped under BA, G8 was grouped under BAC.
At three months after storage, the longest seedling shoot length was found for T1G10 (15.68 cm) and it was shortest for T2G6 (5.64 cm).In the case of root length T3G1 (20.95 cm) recorded as highest and T2G2 (7.79 cm) as lowest performed for this character.The fresh weight of seedling was the highest for T1G2 (0.41g) and lowest for T5G1, T2G7 & T1G8 (0.13g).Seedling dry weight was recorded as highest for T4G7 (0.13g) and lowest for T3G10 (0.01g).Maximum germination percentage (93.00)was recorded for T1G5 and it was lowest (88.00) for T5G1.But for the vigor index, it was high as (3064.73)for T4G10 and (1257.41)as lowest for T2G2.
So, it can be concluded that T1G5 (Malabati stored in earthen pot with seed moisture content 10%) exhibited the highest germination percentage followed by T1G10, T5G9, and T4G2 at three months after storage and T4G10 (Pusa-1509 stored in an aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content 8%) recorded highest vigor index followed by T3G10 and T2G9 in comparison to other combination.At three months after storage, variation in the potentiality of storage containers for seedling shoot length, root length, vigor index, dry weight, and germination percentage were non-significant.All the genotypes belonged under a single group for all the characters studied.The mean value of shoot length was ranged from 8.90 cm to 9.57 cm, and T1 and T3 recorded as the highest and lowest values respectively.The deviation from the mean value ranged from 1.60 to 3.02.The average longest root (14.62 cm) was found for T5 and it was shortest for T1 (13.41cm).The deviation from the mean value was 4.02 to 4.37.In the case of seedling fresh weight, maximum value (0.60g) was recorded for T1 and lowest (0.25g) for T2.The deviation from the mean value ranged from 0.20 to 1.11 and T1 showed the highest.Maximum seedling dry weight (0.094g) was noted for T4 and it was lowest (0.051g) for T3.The deviation from the mean value ranged from 0.016 to 0.119.The mean value of germination percentage was as maximum as (91.23) for T4 and as minimum as (90.33) for T3.With the deviation ranging from 0.47 to 1.40 and the highest vigor index (2156.74)was determined after T4 and it was the lowest (2080.31)for T2.The deviation from the mean value ranged from 473.98 to 642.66.
At six months after storage, the longest root was noted (20.68 cm) for T5G1 and it was lowest for T2G7 (6.60 cm).Shoot length was highest for T1G10 (14.18 cm) and lowest for T2G7 (5.02 cm).The highest fresh weight of seedling was observed for T3G10 (0.40 g) and lowest for T3G5 (0.08g).While maximum dry weight (0.12g) was noted for T3G10 and the lowest were found for T3G6 T2G7 T1G6 and T1G7 (0.02g).After six months of storage germination percentage was highest in both T3G10 and T3G9 (91.67) and lowest for T4G7 (86.67).Vigor index was recorded as maximum as (2951.48)for T5G10 and lowest for T2G2 (1140.47).
So, it can be concluded that T3G9 (IR-36 store in the aluminum foil packet) showed the highest germination percentage followed by T1G4 and T3G10 (Pusa-1509 stored in the aluminum foil packet) at six months after storage and T5G10 (Pusa-1509 stored in polythene packet with seed moisture content 10%) recorded highest Vigor index followed by T4G7 and T3G10 in comparison to other combination.NB: Earthen pot with seed moisture content 10%-T1, cloth bag with seed moisture content 10%-T2, aluminum foil packet-T3, aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content 8%-T4, and polythene packet with seed moisture content 10%-T5.
At six months after storage, treatments over genotypes shoot length was highest in T1 (8.74 cm) and T2, (8.22 cm) was showed lowest.The deviation from the mean value was ranged from 1.74 to 3.24 and the T2 was the highest and all genotypes were non-significant in variation for this trait.Genotypes were grouped under the same group i.e A group.In the case of root length T5 (14.62 cm) showed the highest and T1, (12.56 cm) was showed the lowest and the deviation from the mean value was ranged from 3.66 to 4.24 and the T2 was showed the highest and all genotypes were non-significant variation.All genotypes were grouped under the same group i.e. under A. In fresh weight T3, (0.33g) showed highest and T1 (0.17g) showed lowest.The deviation from the mean value ranged from 0.071 to 0.281 and T3 was highest and the genotypes showed non-significant variation T1, which was grouped under B, T2, T4, and T5 were grouped under AB, T3 was grouped under A. Dry weight was recorded highest in T2 (0.107g) and lowest in T1 was shows lowest (0.039g).The deviation from the mean value ranged from 0.013 to 0.079 and T2 was showed highest and showed the non-significant variation.T1 was grouped under B, T2 grouped under A. T3, T4, and T5 were grouped under AB.Germination percentage was highest in T1 (89.83) and T5 lowest in (88.60).The deviation from the mean value ranged from 0.93 to 1.39 and T3 showed the highest.The treatments were non-significant variation.The treatments were grouped under two groups.T1 and T2 were grouped under A.T3 and T4 were grouped under A B, T5 was grouped under B group.Among the genotypes, vigor index found the highest T4 (2061.01)and the lowest in T2 (1869.65).The deviation from the mean value ranged from 664.10 to 484.31.T2 was shows highest.The treatments over genotypes were non-significant variation and all genotypes were grouped under A.
At Twelve months of storage, seedling root length was recorded as highest when seeds were stored in T3G10 (18.54 cm) and it was lowest when stored for T2G7 (6.53 cm).Among the ten genotypes, the average shoot length was highest in T5G10 (12.40 cm) and lowest for T2G7 (4.71 cm).In the case of fresh weight showed highest for T2G2 (0.55g) and lowest for T2G2 (0.13g).The highest dry weight was recorded for T4G5 (0.36g) followed by T2G4, T2G6, and T2G5.Among the ten genotypes germination percentage was highest in T2G9, (89.33) and lowest in T1G6 (84.00).Vigor index recorded highest in T3G10 (2580.86)and lowest in T2G7 (966.48).
So, it can be concluded that T2G9 (IR-36 store in a cloth bag with seed moisture content 10%) recorded the highest germination percentage followed byT1G8, and T4G6 at Twelve months after storage while T3G10 i.e., Pusa-1509 stored in aluminum foil packet recorded highest vigor index followed by T4G7 and T3G9.Twelve months after storage, treatments over genotypes highest mean value of shoot length observed in T2 (8.65 cm) and the lowest in T4 (7.71).The deviation from the mean value was ranged from 0.88 to 2.78 and the T2 showed the highest.All the genotypes showed nonsignificant variation they were grouped under same group i.e. under A. In case of root length longest was recorded in T3 and T4 (13.28) and shortest in T2 (12.95 cm).The deviation from the mean value was ranged from 2.54 to 3.76 and the T3 showed the highest.All genotypes showed non-significant variation they were grouped under the same group i.e. under A. The highest fresh weight was observed in T3 (0.335g) and the lowest inT5 (0.221g), the deviation from the mean value was ranges from 0.129 to 0.283 and the T3 was shows highest.All genotypes showed nonsignificant in variation they were grouped under same group i.e. under A. Dry weight was observed highest in T4 (0.087g) and lowest in T1 (0.048g).The deviation from the mean value was ranged from 0.009 to 0.32 and the T3 was shown the highest.All genotypes showed nonsignificant variation they were grouped under the same group i.e. under A. Highest germination percentage was recorded in T2 (87.0) and lowest in T5 (85.46).The deviation from the mean value was ranged from 0.26 to 1.51 and the T1 was shown the highest.All genotypes showed significance variation they were grouped under various groups T1 & T2 were under group A and T3, T4 & T5 were grouped under group B. Vigor index was highest in T4 (2306.94)and lowest in T2 (1764.27).The deviation from the mean value was ranged from 331.56 to 1360.24 and the T3 showed the highest.All genotypes showed non-significant variation they were grouped under same group i.e. under A.
After twelve months of storage containers, T2 (cloth bag with seed moisture content 10%) maintained the highest germination percentage followed by T3 and T1 and while highest vigor index was determined for T4 (aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content 8%) followed by T5 and T3.Aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content 8% (T4), therefore, is regarded as the best storage material when seeds of this crop, in general, are stored for twelve months.
CONCLUSION It can be concluded that aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content of 8% is the best storage container of rice among the other containers like earthen pot with seed moisture content of 10%, aluminum foil, cloth bag with seed moisture content 10%, and polythene packet with seed moisture content 10% as every three months interval up to one year, vigor index was observed highest in an aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content of 8%.

Table 1 .
Mean value with standard deviation for test weight, seedling root-shoot length and fresh, dry weight, germination (%) and vigor index of the genotypes at harvest fresh condition.

Table 2 .
Mean values for seedling shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, germination (%), and vigor index of the genotypes stored in different containers at three months after storage

Table 3 .
Mean values with standard deviation for seedling shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, germination percentage, and vigor index of storage containers at three months after storage Earthen pot with seed moisture content 10%-T1, cloth bag with seed moisture content 10%-T2, aluminum foil packet-T3, aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content 8%-T4, and polythene packet with seed moisture content 10%-T5. NB:

Table 4 .
Mean values for seedling shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, germination (%), and vigor index of the genotypes stored in different containers at six months after storage

Table 5 .
Mean Value with standard deviation for seedling shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, germination (%) and vigor index of storage containers at six months after storage

Table 6 .
Mean values for seedling shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, germination (%) and vigor index of the genotypes stored in different containers at nine months after storage

Table 7 .
Mean value with a standard deviation of shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, germination (%) and vigor index of seed stored in different containers after nine months after storage

Table 8 .
Mean values for seedling shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, germination (%), and vigor index of the genotypes stored in different containers at Twelve months after storage.

Table 9 .
Mean value with standard deviation for seedling shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, germination (%), and vigor index of seed stored in different containers after twelve months of storage.Earthen pot with seed moisture content 10%-T1, cloth bag with seed moisture content 10%-T2, aluminum foil packet-T3, aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content 8%-T4, and polythene packet with seed moisture content 10%-T5. NB: