Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions in the Construction Industry Based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index: A Case Study of China

Carbon emission is further intensified as urbanization and industrialization continue to accelerate. China has maintained its rapid economic development and urbanization in the last 2 decades. The development of the construction industry has not only consumed a large number of energy sources but also resulted in significant carbon emissions, causing some environmental damage. Recognizing the major influencing factors of carbon emissions in the construction industry has become a research hotspot to alleviate environmental pollution caused by the construction industry and meet industrial demands for energy saving and emission reduction. In this study, the factors that influence annual carbon emissions of different building types in China from 2011 to 2018 were decomposed by Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) through a case study in Henan Province. The major influencing factors of carbon emissions have been identified. Results demonstrate that the per capita carbon emission in the construction industry in Henan Province remains high from 2011 to 2018, but it decreases year by year. Carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province increase due to economic development and energy structure. Energy efficiency can inhibit carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province. The obtained conclusions have a positive effect on analyzing annual variations in carbon emissions from the construction industry in a region, identifying influencing factors, and proposing specific countermeasures of energy saving and emission reduction.


INTRODUCTION
Greenhouse gases produced by human activities cause global climatic changes and threaten the survival environment of people in the world. With the acceleration of the urbanization process and improving the living standards of people, building energy consumption in China presents a rigid growth trend. The construction industry is characteristic of high energy consumption, high carbon emissions and low energy efficiency. The huge energy waste and CO 2 emission problems become increasingly prominent with the rapid development of the construction industry. The construction industry accounts for a high proportion in Chinese industries with high energy consumption. Energy saving and emission reduction of the construction industry play an important role in the national economic operation and regional environmental protection. China has assumed the top position around the world in terms of building material consumption and new building areas. CO 2 emissions from the energy consumption for production activities in the construction industry and mass use of building materials have caused serious adverse impacts on the ecological environment. The Green and low-carbon development of the construction industry must be promoted. Construction-induced carbon emissions in China still have a great growth space. On one hand, industrial technologies continuously develop, and industrial efficiency consistently increases with the continuous progress in industrialization and urbanization in China. The carbon emission caused by industrial production gradually declines, which increases the proportion of consumptive carbon emissions indirectly, such as construction-induced carbon emissions. On the other hand, urban size continues to expand, and the consumption level of residents continuously increases in China, leading to the continuous growth in the energy consumption needs of residents. This situation can directly increase the proportion of construction-induced carbon emissions.
The construction industry is the traditional dominant industry and pillar industry of richening and strengthening of Henan Province. Recently, the total output of the construction industry and gross domestic product (GDP) in Henan Province have been increasing year by year (Fig. 1 ). The total output of the construction industry in Henan Province was 527.936 billion yuan (RMB) in 2011 and 1312.255 billion yuan (RMB) in 2020, showing an annual average growth rate of 16.51%. However, the construction industry in Henan Province encounters a development bottleneck. Given the highlighted problems of traditional backward Currently, many studies on the influencing factors of carbon emissions from the construction industry are available. These studies mainly decompose influencing factors through econometric model, index decomposition analysis (IDA), structural decomposition analysis (SDA), and logarithmic mean Divisia index. With respect to estimation of carbon emissions from the construction industry and influencing factors, Zhang et al. decomposed the influences on carbon emissions from the construction industry in Beijing by LMDI. The results demonstrated that changes in economic activities, population size, and per capita energy consumption stimulated emissions, while energy intensity, urban-rural population distribution structure, and changes in production and household energy structures decrease emissions (Zhang et al. 2013). Jiang et al. introduced a development ETS monitoring framework in Shenzhen and several challenges and policy choices (Jiang et al. 2014). Kang et al. believed that buildings emit a large amount of CO 2 within the service life, which is an important factor that causes the greenhouse effect (Kang et al. 2015). Sattary et al. demonstrated that construction-induced carbon emissions of the whole building system (floors, walls and roofs) can be decreased by 65% by using the principle of biological climate (Sattary et al. 2016). Jiang found that the energy intensity of residents, per capita housing area, and the total number of households are major driving factors that influence carbon emissions from the construction industry in China (Jiang 2016). Huang et al. developed the calculation method of urban building carbon footprints based on Xiamen City. Results demonstrate that urban building carbon footprints in Xiamen City increased from 8.95 million tons in 2005 to 13.57 million tons in 2009, showing an annual average growth rate of 12.87%. Production of building materials and carbon emission produced by building energy source account for 45% and 40% of building carbon footprints, respectively (Huang et al. 2017). Zhang et

EARLIER STUDIES
The threats of global warming to human beings are widely known. Governments across the world have reached a consensus to build a low-carbon economy. The question of how can the al. analyzed statistical data of China's construction industry from 2004 to 2013. The results showed that the total emissions of China's building industry presented an upward trend, and emissions in the building production stage were highest (Zhang et al. 2017). Huang et al. explored and compared the CO 2 emission levels caused by global construction activities by using the world environmental input-output sheet in 2009 and found that CO 2 emission of the global construction industry accounted for 23% of the total CO 2 emissions of global economic activities. China is the biggest contributor to carbon emissions from the construction industry (Huang et al. 2018). Li et al. studied the annual carbon emissions of construction land in Shanghai and its disconnection degrees with economic growth driven by six factors (Li et al. 2019). Lai et al. discussed relations of carbon emission intensity with carbon emissions from the construction industry, energy consumption, and GDP growth rate in China and its trend by using the improved Kaya model. The results showed that carbon emissions from the construction industry were mainly influenced by the GDP growth of the construction scale. Energy consumption was the major driving source to carbon emission growth (Lai et al. 2019 (Hao et al. 2020). Zhang et al. further decomposed the CO 2 emission connections of the global construction industry by using the multi-region input-output model and hypothesis extraction method. He found that the CO 2 emissions of the global construction industry mainly come from the secondary industry and transportation industry (Zhang et al. 2020). Based on the literature review, we conclude that existing studies on the influencing factors of carbon emissions from the construction industry mainly focus on Kaya identical relation, LMDI, and STIRPAT model. The considered macroscopic influencing factors include population, economic development, urbanization, export and import, and fixed-asset investment. Researches in China and foreign countries use IDA to discuss the influencing factors of carbon emission. IDA is easier to use and obtain data compared with SDA. Moreover, IDA is convenient to implement comparative analysis on time series and trans-regions. Therefore, a case study based on Henan Province was carried out. The influencing factors of carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province from 2011 to 2018 were decomposed by classical LMDI to provide energy saving and emission reduction measures for the construction industry and decrease carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province.

LMDI Model
The influencing factors of carbon emissions from the construction industry are decomposed into Eq. (1) based on the Kaya model: transportation industry (Zhang et al. 2020). Based on the literature review, we con existing studies on the influencing factors of carbon emissions from the constructio mainly focus on Kaya identical relation, LMDI, and STIRPAT model. The macroscopic influencing factors include population, economic development, urbanizat and import, and fixed-asset investment. Researches in China and foreign countries u discuss the influencing factors of carbon emission. IDA is easier to use and obtain data with SDA. Moreover, IDA is convenient to implement comparative analysis on time trans-regions. Therefore, a case study based on Henan Province was carried out. The i factors of carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province from 20 were decomposed by classical LMDI to provide energy saving and emission reduction for the construction industry and decrease carbon emissions from the construction i Henan Province.

LMDI Model
The influencing factors of carbon emissions from the construction industry are decom Eq. (1) based on the Kaya model: where C denotes carbon emissions from the construction industry, Ci represents emissions of the ith energy source in the construction industry, E is the total energy co of the construction industry, Ei is the consumption of the ith energy source in the co industry, Y is GDP, and P denotes the total population at the end of a year. According research results, Si = Ei/E was defined as the energy structure, which refers to the propo ith energy source in the total energy consumption of the construction industry.
where C denotes carbon emissions from the construction industry, C i represents the carbon emissions of the ith energy source in the construction industry, E is the total energy consumption of the construction industry, E i is the consumption of the ith energy source in the construction industry, Y is GDP, and P denotes the total population at the end of a year. According to existing research results, S i = E i /E was defined as the energy structure, which refers to the proportion of the ith energy source in the total energy consumption of the construction industry. F i = C/E i is defined as the energy intensity, which refers to the carbon emissions from the construction industry by per unit consumption of the ith energy source. I = E/Y is defined as energy efficiency, which refers to the total energy consumption of the construction industry per unit GDP. R = Y/P is defined as economic development. Hence, Eq. (1) can be rewritten as Eq. (2).
as the energy intensity, which refers to the carbon emissions from the construction indu unit consumption of the ith energy source. I = E/Y is defined as energy efficiency, whic the total energy consumption of the construction industry per unit GDP. R = Y/P is economic development. Hence, Eq. (1) can be rewritten as Eq. (2). Eq.
(2) shows that the changes of per capita carbon emissions from the constructio (A) mainly come from Si, Fi, I, and R.
The changes of A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expresse follows:
(2) shows that the changes of per capita carbon emissions from the construction industry (A) mainly come from S i , F i , I, and R.
The changes of A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as follows: as the energy intensity, which refers to the carbon emissions from the c unit consumption of the ith energy source. I = E/Y is defined as energy the total energy consumption of the construction industry per unit G economic development. Hence, Eq. (1) can be rewritten as Eq. (2).
(2) shows that the changes of per capita carbon emissions fro (A) mainly come from Si, Fi, I, and R.
The changes of A in period t compared with that of the base period follows: where ∆A S and DS are energy structures, ∆A F and DF are energy energy efficiencies, ∆A R and DR are economic developments, and decomposition margins. In Eq. (3), ∆A S , ∆A F , ∆A I , and ∆A R express factors to per capita carbon emissions from the construction industry.
DR are contribution rates of different factors to changes of per capita construction industry. This study continued to use the LMDI propose as the energy intensity, which refers to the carbon emissions from the construction industry by per unit consumption of the ith energy source. I = E/Y is defined as energy efficiency, which refers to the total energy consumption of the construction industry per unit GDP. R = Y/P is defined as economic development. Hence, Eq. (1) can be rewritten as Eq. (2). Eq.
(2) shows that the changes of per capita carbon emissions from the construction industry (A) mainly come from Si, Fi, I, and R.
The changes of A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as follows: as the energy intensity, which refers to the carbon emissions from the construction industry unit consumption of the ith energy source. I = E/Y is defined as energy efficiency, which re the total energy consumption of the construction industry per unit GDP. R = Y/P is defi economic development. Hence, Eq. (1) can be rewritten as Eq. (2).
(2) shows that the changes of per capita carbon emissions from the construction in (A) mainly come from Si, Fi, I, and R.
The changes of A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as follows: where ∆A S and D S are energy structures, ∆A F and D F are energy intensities, ∆A I and D I are energy efficiencies, ∆A R and D R are economic developments, and ∆A rsd and D rsd refer to decomposition margins. In Eq. (3), ∆A S , ∆A F , ∆A I , and ∆A R express contributions of different factors to per capita carbon emissions from the construction industry. In Eq. (4), D S , D F , D I , and D R are contribution rates of different factors to changes of per capita carbon emissions from the construction industry. This study continued to use the LMDI proposed by Ang et al. (1998) for residue-free decomposition in Eqs. (3) and (4). Hence, ∆A rsd = 0, and D rsd =1. According to this method, different factors can be further decomposed as follows:  (3) and (4). Hence, ∆A rsd = 0, and Drsd=1. According to this nt factors can be further decomposed as follows: tion method of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is based on construction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission factor is widely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate carbon of A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as  (3) and (4). Hence, ∆A rsd = 0, and Drsd=1. According to this factors can be further decomposed as follows: n ethod of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is based on nstruction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission factor widely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate carbon of A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as  (3) and (4). Hence, ∆A rsd = 0, and Drsd=1. According to this factors can be further decomposed as follows: ) ln ln exp( 0 0 n ethod of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is based on nstruction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission factor widely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate carbon , … (5) from Si, Fi, I, and R.
of A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as  (3) and (4). Hence, ∆A rsd = 0, and Drsd=1. According to this factors can be further decomposed as follows: ) ln ln exp( 0 0 n ethod of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is based on nstruction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission factor widely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate carbon s that the changes of per capita carbon emissions from the construction industry from Si, Fi, I, and R. of A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as  (3) and (4). Hence, ∆A rsd = 0, and Drsd=1. According to this factors can be further decomposed as follows: ) ln ln exp( 0 0 n ethod of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is based on nstruction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission factor widely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate carbon in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as  (3) and (4). Hence, ∆A rsd = 0, and Drsd=1. According to this rs can be further decomposed as follows: ) ln ln exp( 0 0 d of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is based on ction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission factor ly used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate carbon om Si, Fi, I, and R. f A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as  (3) and (4). Hence, ∆A rsd = 0, and Drsd=1. According to this actors can be further decomposed as follows: thod of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is based on struction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission factor idely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate carbon A in period t compared with that of the base period can be expressed as  (3) and (4). Hence, ∆A rsd = 0, and Drsd=1. According to this tors can be further decomposed as follows: od of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is based on ruction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission factor dely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate carbon

Data Specification
The estimation method of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is ba the method of construction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission method, which is widely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate

Data Specification
The estimation method of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is ba the method of construction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission method, which is widely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate

Data Specification
The estimation method of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province is based on the method of construction-induced carbon emissions. In this study, the mature emission factor method, which is widely used and has a consensus in the industry, was applied to estimate carbon emissions in the building field. Construction-induced carbon emissions are the sum of CO 2 emissions from different fossil energies that are consumed directly (coal, oil, and natural gas) and indirectly (power and thermal power) in the running process of buildings. The calculation formula is as follows: emissions in the building field. Construction-induced carbon emissions are the sum of emissions from different fossil energies that are consumed directly (coal, oil, and natural gas indirectly (power and thermal power) in the running process of buildings. The calculation for is as follows: where BCE refers to carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province refers to consumptions of the ith energy source in the operation of the construction indust Henan Province, and EFi refers to the carbon emission factor of the i th energy source o construction industry in Henan Province. Carbon emission factors of fossil energy source shown in the General Rules for Comprehensive Energy Consumption Calcul (GB/T2589-2008). Data of consumptions of various energy sources in the construction indus Henan Province were collected from the Regional Energy Sheet of Henan Province in hi while the rest of the data were collected from China's National Statistical Data (https://data.stats.gov.cn/). The investigation period was from 2011 to 2018.

EMPIRICAL STUDY
The carbon emission factor decompositions of the construction industry in Henan Province 2011 to 2018 are listed in Table 1, according to Eqs. (1)-(7).  Table 1 illustrates that: (1) The per capita carbon emission of the construction industry in Henan Pro maintained at a high level from 2011 to 2018. As a result of the policy adjustment fo construction industry in Henan Province, the financial subsidies facilitate green technolo … (7) where BCE refers to carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province, BE i refers to consumptions of the ith energy source in the operation of the construction industry in Henan Province, and EF i refers to the carbon emission factor of the i th energy source of the construction industry in Henan Province. Carbon emission factors of fossil energy sources are shown in the General Rules for Comprehensive Energy Consumption Calculation (GB/T2589-2008). Data of consumptions of various energy sources in the construction industry of Henan Province were collected from the Regional Energy Sheet of Henan Province in history, while the rest of the data were collected from China's National Statistical Database (https://data.stats.gov.cn/). The investigation period was from 2011 to 2018.

EMPIRICAL STUDY
The carbon emission factor decompositions of the construction industry in Henan Province from 2011 to 2018 are listed in Table 1, according to Eqs. (1)-(7). Table 1 illustrates that: 1. The per capita carbon emission of the construction industry in Henan Province maintained at a high level from 2011 to 2018. As a result of the policy adjustment for the construction industry in Henan Province, the financial subsidies facilitate green technological innovation and strengthen the green research and development vitality of construction enterprises. Consequently, many green innovation technologies are developed under environmental regulation stimuli, promoting green construction and applications of environmentally friendly materials. Henan Province advanced construction technologies, expedited the development of environmentally friendly building materials and exploration of new energy sources, and decreased dependence on traditional high-carbon building materials and energy sources. These measures could optimize construction products from the design end and decrease the use of building materials, thus minimizing carbon emissions from the construction industry and increasing carbon emission efficiency. Meanwhile, Henan Province strengthened its promotion of advanced assembly technologies, factorized line production, and safe intelligent equipment. The province strengthened resource integration in the construction industry, reallocation of waste resources, and reproduction in the province, thus decreasing carbon emissions from the construction industry and increasing carbon emission efficiency. Accordingly, per capita carbon emissions in the construction industry decreased year by year, and the residential environment was improved.
2. The regional overall economic development significantly promoted carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province. Economic development is strongly attracted to scientific and technological resources, allowing for the promotion of technological innovations and increased energy utilization. Furthermore, the environmental protection consciousness of government and citizens was strengthened after a certain degree of economic development, which has a favorable influence on carbon emissions from the construction industry. The growth of per capita GDP significantly facilitated carbon emissions from the construction industry, indicating that the relatively high per capita GDP was accompanied by high carbon emissions from the construction industry. Economic development increases the residence demands in urban and rural areas; thus, Henan Province has the ability and motivation to build large infrastructures and promote the construction of public service projects, which will also release high CO 2 contents. Carbon emissions from the construction industry will increase with the promotion of economic development. Hence, economic coordinated development must be achieved while decreasing the growth of carbon emissions from the construction industry. The basic idea lies in the high-quality economic development and driving energy-saving environmental protection needs of the construction industry.
3. Energy efficiency effect refers to the ratio of total energy consumption in the construction industry to total output. The energy consumption intensity of the construction industry has negative effects on carbon emission growth. Table 1 demonstrates that energy efficiency in Henan Province was positive in most years, but it was negative in 2012, 2013, and 2018. This finding indicates that energy efficiency could inhibit the growth of carbon emissions from the construction industry, but it varies in some years. For example, the energy efficiency of Henan Province from 2014 to 2017 could significantly promote carbon emissions from the construction industry in the year. Coals, gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, and power inhibited growth in carbon emissions from the construction industry, while kerosene promoted the growth of carbon emissions. The energy efficiency effect inhibits growth in carbon emissions from the construction industry, and it is a major factor that constrains carbon emissions. In other words, Henan Province achieved certain advances in construction technologies and energy-saving and emission-reduction tasks from 2011 to 2018, which had positive effects on carbon emission reduction.
(4) Energy structure refers to the ratio of consumption of various energy sources for construction activities to the total energy consumption of the construction industry. The energy structural effect from 2011 to 2018 resulted in an upward trend of carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province. Carbon emissions from the construction industry are positively influenced by kerosene, diesel, and power, while negatively affected coals, gasoline, and fuel oil. Coal and power significantly influence changes in carbon emissions from the construction industry, and they offset variations in carbon emissions. Accordingly, the energy structural effect slightly influences the changes in the carbon emissions from the construction industry. Energy structure gradually transforms to green energy, decreasing the consumption of fossil energy sources and relieving environmental pollution. Meanwhile, this notion proves that the energy saving and emission reduction have achieved a certain degree of success.

Increase Energy Utilization in the Construction Industry
High energy consumption and emission have become the most typical features of the construction industry. Given that the driving contribution of energy intensity effect with the decreased carbon emission intensity of the construction industry in Henan Province still accounts for a low proportion, high-efficiency inhibition of energy intensity effect of construction has become an effective solution to high energy consumption problems. Therefore, energy utilization must be effectively enhanced by using energy sources wisely, and energy wastes during the construction process must be reduced. Henan Province has to strengthen technological innovations of the construction industry. The current energy structure is mainly comprised of coal and petroleum. Coal is critical to the industrialization of the construction industry. Energy utilization and recycling (e.g., coals) must be practically enhanced to strengthen uses and innovations in the deculturation of coals, clean coals, and energy recycling technologies. Substitutive energy sources shall be developed because the combustion of fossil fuels is an important cause of high emissions. Accordingly, low-carbon technologies may be used to improve production equipment and processes.
A new substitutive material must be developed while minimizing the usage of fossil fuels.

Optimize the Energy Supply Structure in the Construction Industry
Henan Province increased the proportion of low-carbon energy sources in the building field. Henan Province investigated the potentials of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic, wind power, thermal pump, and biomass, by combining them with local features. This initiative supports building photovoltaic integrated building projects in qualified urban areas, such as Zhengzhou. Buildings have become a significant carrier for photovoltaic development, and photovoltaic utilization on the external surfaces of buildings has emerged as an important index to evaluate green buildings. Henan Province supports the construction of zero-carbon buildings and zero-carbon community demonstration projects to promote self-sufficiency of building energies. Some recommendations are as follows: 1) lower carbon emission from local power plants; 2) optimize heating energy structure, support innovations in electric heating technology, construct renewable energy coupling heating projects, and encourage buildings in qualified regions to replace electrification heating; 3) fully use residual heat resources in industrial data center and improve intelligent heating level; 4) cooperate with renewable power use, optimize the intelligent power supply network, support energy storage technological development, and encourage qualified construction projects to build energy storage projects; and 5) change consumption mode positively, increase the low-carbon environmental protection consciousness, decrease use and purchase rate of high-carbon products, increase uses of energy-saving low-carbon products, such as high-efficiency energy-saving lights, new energy electric cars, and solar energy, and further optimize the market supply structure and energy consumption structure.

Promote Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Buildings
Low-carbon transformation must be encouraged in the construction field, and the green building standards must continuously increase. Moreover, the energy-saving level of building envelopes must be increased, buildings with ultra-low energy consumptions must be constructed, and reduction of carbon emissions through energy saving must be promoted. Existing buildings must continue the implementation of energy-saving reconstruction and effectively decrease carbon emission intensity per unit area. Qualified large public buildings must be investigated for inclusion in the carbon transaction market, and carbon emission reduction must be promoted by market means. The power grid structure of buildings can be optimized by cooperating with relocation and old community reconstruction activities, and a foundation for electric heating and natural gas heating must be established. Heating measurement of buildings must be continually promoted, and units and families must be advised with regard to the reasonable and appropriate use of thermal power. Lastly, waste and lower carbon emissions from ultra-temperature heating must be effectively reduced.

Strengthen Carbon Emission Consciousness of Building Enterprises
The government should strengthen education training of carbon emission reduction to residents to encourage all people to participate in carbon emission reduction in the building field, develop the green life habit of energy-saving and carbon-reduction, and promote the whole society to form a good atmosphere in which everyone is responsible for carbon emission reduction. In addition, the government can encourage building enterprises to use new energy-saving and recycling building materials and support building material manufacturers to implement green production and relevant application technological reconstruction. Meanwhile, the government shall strengthen the recycling of solid wastes in the building industry. The rapid development of engineering construction continuously increases construction waste production. Processing and recycling of construction wastes are also effective tasks in achieving energy saving and emission reduction. Hence, a construction waste recycling technology must be developed, production technologies and techniques of enterprises for renewable building materials must be strengthened, enterprises must be encouraged to develop green building material technologies, equipment with high energy efficiency in recycling construction solid waste must be created. Finally, and further promote green energy-saving development of the construction industry in Henan Province.

CONCLUSIONS
China's rapid urbanization has resulted in a high concentration of urban population, land usage, and economic activities. This phenomenon increases urban energy demands and energy consumption, especially energy consumption in the construction industry. Carbon emission from the construction industry accounts for a high proportion, with an obvious growth trend and a high growth rate. The construction industry has some emission-reduction potential and claims relatively low emission-reduction costs. Accordingly, reducing carbon emission in the construction industry is a significant step toward China's national energy-saving and emission-reduction goal. In this study, the influencing factors of construction-induced carbon emissions in Henan Province from 2011 to 2018 were decomposed by LMDI, and the major influencing factors were identified. The results demonstrated that the per capita carbon emission of the construction industry in Henan Province remained at a high level from 2011 to 2018, but it decreased year by year. Carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province have been continuously increasing due to economic development and energy structure. Energy efficiency inhibited carbon emissions from the construction industry in Henan Province. Finally, some policy suggestions were proposed, including increasing the energy utilization of the construction industry, optimizing the energy supply structure of the construction industry, promoting energy efficiency improvement of buildings, and strengthening the carbon emission reduction consciousness of building enterprises. Future studies can measure the influencing degrees of factors related to construction-induced carbon emissions, enrich the full-lifecycle carbon emission estimation models of the construction industry, and deepen scenario prediction and analysis on carbon emissions from the construction industry.