2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake: surface faulting and its relation with neotectonics and regional structures, Gujarat, Western India
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Abstract
Primary and secondary surface deformation related to the 2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake suggests that thrusting
movement took place along an E-W fault near the western extension of the South Wagad Fault, a synthetic fault
of the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF). Despite early reconnaissance reports that concluded there was no primary
surface faulting, we describe an 830 m long, 15-35 cm high, east-west-trending thrust fault scarp near
where the seismogenic fault plane would project to the surface, near Bharodiya village (between 23°34.912'N,
70°23.942'E and 23°34.304'N, 70°24.884'E). Along most of the scarp Jurassic bedrock is thrust over Quaternary
deposits, but the fault scarp also displaces Holocene alluvium and an earth dam, with dips of 13° to 36° south.
Secondary co-seismic features, mainly liquefaction and lateral spreading, dominate the area south of the thrust.
Transverse right-lateral movement along the «Manfara Fault» and a parallel fault near Bharodiya suggests segmentation
of the E-W master faults. Primary (thrust) surface rupture had a length of 0.8 km, maximum displacement
of about 35 cm, and average displacement of about 15 cm. Secondary (strike-slip) faulting was more
extensive, with a total end-to-end length of 15 km, maximum displacement of 35 cm, and average displacement
of about 20 cm.
movement took place along an E-W fault near the western extension of the South Wagad Fault, a synthetic fault
of the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF). Despite early reconnaissance reports that concluded there was no primary
surface faulting, we describe an 830 m long, 15-35 cm high, east-west-trending thrust fault scarp near
where the seismogenic fault plane would project to the surface, near Bharodiya village (between 23°34.912'N,
70°23.942'E and 23°34.304'N, 70°24.884'E). Along most of the scarp Jurassic bedrock is thrust over Quaternary
deposits, but the fault scarp also displaces Holocene alluvium and an earth dam, with dips of 13° to 36° south.
Secondary co-seismic features, mainly liquefaction and lateral spreading, dominate the area south of the thrust.
Transverse right-lateral movement along the «Manfara Fault» and a parallel fault near Bharodiya suggests segmentation
of the E-W master faults. Primary (thrust) surface rupture had a length of 0.8 km, maximum displacement
of about 35 cm, and average displacement of about 15 cm. Secondary (strike-slip) faulting was more
extensive, with a total end-to-end length of 15 km, maximum displacement of 35 cm, and average displacement
of about 20 cm.
Article Details
How to Cite
McCalpin, J. P. and Thakkar, M. G. (2003) “2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake: surface faulting and its relation with neotectonics and regional structures, Gujarat, Western India”, Annals of Geophysics, 46(5). doi: 10.4401/ag-3463.
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