ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book argues that cybersecurity politics occupies a continuum between securitization and technological routine, depending on the context and sub-issue under scrutiny, brings to mind a United States view from two decades ago. It discusses the appetite and skill of ‘aggressive acquisition of foreknowledge’ as particularly a precursor to further, potentially more intense and aggressive cyber posturing. The book shows that cyber conflict, even though characterized by limited actors and low effects, constitutes a ‘continuing source of uncertainty and insecurity for all states’. It examines voluntarism, embedded in the norms approach to international cybersecurity, is hardly a guarantee for responsible behaviour. A stock-taking of the peace and security-worthiness of information and communication technologies indicates that most of international cybersecurity issues are not acute international peace and security concerns.
