ABSTRACT
This chapter considers the use of standardised measures with normative data and highlights the advantages of such measures in the study of single cases. The classical theory of reliability is outlined and pre–post-treatment measurements are considered. The reliable change index and clinically significant change criteria are introduced and their calculation and application illustrated. As a significant proportion of clinical measures do not have good norms, the chapter ends with guidance on how to perform a meta-analysis of data sets to produce usable norms for a clinical setting.
