ABSTRACT
The disposition an individual has in seeking success or avoiding failure is considered to be relatively stable. However, the actual dynamics of the mix depends on the two variables, namely, the individual's expectation of success or failure on the task and the value of the task to the individual. Some students ‘guarantee success’ by setting low goals, such as choosing material which is so simple that success is assured. In other words, these students ‘play safe’ by choosing an easy task on which success is guaranteed. Teachers should clarify with the student the relationship between actions and consequences, and provide appropriate rewards and recognition for effort, improvement, and achievement in a number of areas. Teachers should assist students to diagnose the values they place on academic achievement and relate this to the effort they expend. Students become more motivated when they are aware of the meaning and importance of the task assigned to them.
