ABSTRACT
This chapter compares approaches to assessing and designing urban soundscapes, focused on using sound as a place-making resource. By analysing the studies which looked at soundscapes experienced across a variety of public spaces via tools such as soundwalks, laboratory simulations, participatory actions, and on-site measurement and questionnaire campaigns, we point to the potential of employing various soundscape design techniques, from adding new sound sources and protecting valuable existing ambiances to mitigating noise. Issues such as measurement techniques and limitations, sampling biases, and social presence are observed. The lessons learned from those assessments are discussed in relation to their influence on the design and social goals, actions, and outcomes. Finally, future research directions are discussed aiming at methods for designing acoustic environments to become recognisable, place-defining features that positively influence behaviour and perception.
