Open Access, Peer-reviewed
pISSN 1015-4817
eISSN 2289-0963
    J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2013 Sep;52(5):342-352. Korean.
    Published online Sep 30, 2013.
    https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2013.52.5.342
    Copyright © 2013 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
    Original Article

    Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of the Conners Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale in General Population

    Jeong-Soo Park, MA,1 Won Hye Lee, PhD,2 So-Ra Lee, MA,1 Seol-Min Kim, MA,3 and Geon Ho Bahn, MD2
      • 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, VHS Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
      • 2Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
      • 3Department of Neuropsychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    • Address for correspondence: Won Hye Lee, PhD. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-872, Korea. Tel: +82-2-958-8556, Fax: +82-2-957-1997, Email: berbet@khmc.or.kr
    Received March 31, 2013; Revised July 04, 2013; Accepted July 09, 2013.

    Abstract

    Objectives

    This study was conducted in order to determine the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales-42 items & 26 items (K-CAARS-42 & K-CAARS-26) in nonclinical adult subjects.

    Methods

    The K-CAARS-42 & K-CAARS-26 was tested in non-clinical (n=270) native Korean-speakers. Internal consistency reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability was measured using Pearson correlations. To see validity, we performed the confirmatory factor analysis for determination of whether the four-factor model fit the data.

    Results

    The results showed that the subscales had acceptable internal consistency reliability and high test-retest reliability ; and the second-order scores showed significant correlation with the Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-Revised and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. The Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure of both K-CAARS-42 and K-CAARS-26.

    Conclusion

    The K-CAARS-42 & K-CAARS-26 is reliable and has possible utility for symptom assessment of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in nonclinical adult subjects. Further research is needed in order to determine the cutoff score for administration of the K-CAARS-42 & K-CAARS-26 to clinical adult subjects.

    Keywords
    Adult; ADHD; Validity; Reliability; Factor analysis; Psychiatric status rating scale

    Tables

    Table 1
    Descriptive statistics for the K-CAARS-42 and K-CAARS-26 by gender

    Table 2
    Internal consistency of K-CAARS-42 and K-CAARS-26

    Table 3
    Correlation among subscales of K-CAARS-42 and K-CAARS-26, K K-BIS-11-R, and PRMQ

    Table 4
    Korean vs. U.S. version of the CAARS-42 : comparison of item location on second-order factors

    Table 5
    Korean vs. U.S. version of the CAARS-26 : comparison of item location on second-order factors

    Notes

    The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

    References

      1. Davidson MA. ADHD in adults. A review of the literature. J Atten Disord 2008;11:628–641.
      1. Teeter PA. In: Intervention for ADHD: Treatment in developmental context. New York: Guilford Press; 1998.
      1. Willoughby MT. Developmental course of ADHD symptomatology during the transition from childhood to adolescence: a review with recommendations. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2003;44:88–106.
      1. Johnson DE, Conners CK. The Assessment process: conditions and comorbidities. In: Clinician's guide to adult ADHD: Assessment and intervention. San Diego: Academic Press; 2002. pp. 71-83.
      1. Ward MF, Wender PH, Reimherr FW. The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:885–890.
      1. Wender PH. In: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995.
      1. Barkley RA. In: Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 1998.
      1. Mannauzza S, Klein R, Bessler A, Shrout P. Acuuracy of adult recall of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1882–1888.
      1. Murphy P, Schachar R. Use self-ratings in the assessment of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:1156–1159.
      1. Conners CK, Erhart D, Sparrow EP. In: Conners' adult ADHD rating scales, technical manual. New York: Multi-Health Systems; 1999.
      1. Conners CK, Erhart D, Epstein JN, Parker JDA, Sitarenious G. Self-ratings of ADHD symptoms in adults II: Reliability, validity, and diagnostic sensitivity. J Atten Disord 1999;3:153–158.
      1. Christiansen H, Kis B, Hirsch O, Philipsen A, Henneck M, Panczuk A, et al. German validation of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales-self-report (CAARS-S) I: Factor structure and normative data. Eur Psychiatry 2011;26:100–107.
      1. Kim HY, Lee JY, Cho SS, Lee IS, Kim JH. A preliminary study on reliability and validity of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales-Korean version in college students. Korean J Clin Psychol 2005;24:171–185.
      1. Chang MS. The Validation of Conners' Adult ADHD Scale-Korean (Short Version). Korean J Clin Psychol 2008;27:499–513.
      1. Patton JH, Stanford MS, Barratt ES. Factor Structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. J Clin Psychol 1995;51:768–774.
      1. Lee SR, Lee WH, Park JS, Kim SM, Kim JW. The Study on Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of the Barratt impulsiveness Scale-11-Revised in Nonclinical Adult Subjects. J Korean Neuropsychiar Assoc 2012;51:378–386.
      1. Smith G, Sala SD, Logie RH, Mayor E. Prospective and Retrospective memory in normal ageing and dementia: A questionnaire study. Memory 2000;8:311–321.
      1. Lee WH. In: A study on episodic memory features and everyday memory enhancement of healthy older adults[dissertation]. Seoul: Korea Univ.; 2008.
      1. Kim JH, Hong SH, Kim MG. In: Writing A paper using Structural Equation Modeling. Seoul: Communication Books; 2009. pp. 74.
      1. Kim EJ. The Validation of Korean Adult ADHD Scale (K-AADHDS). Korean J Clin Psychol 2003;22:897–911.
      1. Heiligenstein E, Convey LM, Berns AR, Smith MA. Preliminary normative data on DSM-IV attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in college students. J Am Coll Health 1998;46:185–188.
    Cited by
    Crossref 7
    Google Scholar 
    MeSH Terms
    Adult*
    Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*
    Factor Analysis, Statistical
    Humans
    Memory
    Prospective Studies
    Reproducibility of Results*
    Retrospective Studies
    Surveys and Questionnaires
    Symptom Assessment
    Metrics
    Share
    Tables
    slide
    slide
    slide
    slide
    slide

    1 / 5

    PERMALINK