This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Investigation of an Engine Concept for CNG-OME Dual Fuel Operation Using External and Internal EGR
Technical Paper
2022-32-0067
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Requirements to future internal combustion engines (ICEs) regarding sustainability and efficiency are continuing to rise while on the other hand, pollutant emission regulations are continuously tightened. Dual-fuel combustion (DFC) of diesel and natural gas is an approach to reduce soot emissions while still profiting from the high efficiency of the diesel combustion process. Using natural gas as the main fuel also helps to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to the favorable C/H-ratio of methane (CH4) as its primary constituent. To reduce both pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions further, diesel can be replaced by an e-fuel. The use of C1-oxygenates – such as polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (POMDME or “OME”) – as pilot fuel promises to reduce both soot and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. For the present investigation, a 4.5l tractor diesel engine has been converted to a biogas-OME dual-fuel engine. A fully variable valve train has been integrated into the cylinder head. A second exhaust valve lift during aspiration is used to vary the internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, while an EGR valve controls the cooled external EGR introduced into the intake runner. This study investigates the influence of external and internal EGR on equivalence ratio and the maximum substitution rate for stable combustion, as well as the resulting engine efficiency and raw emissions. Internal EGR was adjusted by varying the second exhaust valve lift in several discrete steps from 0 to 1.9 mm, while the external EGR rate was varied between 0 and 30 %. The investigations show that CH4 and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions rise with increasing substitution rate, whereas NOx and CO2 emissions are reduced. Soot emissions are well below the EU stage V emission limit throughout the entire measuring range. As the soot-NOx trade-off is no longer an issue, NOx emissions can be reduced by up to 88 % by increasing the EGR rate. Combining internal and external EGR also showed a positive effect on both unburnt CH4 (up to -62 %) and CO emissions (up to -87 %).
Authors
Topic
Citation
Jost, A., Günthner, M., Müller, F., and Weigel, A., "Investigation of an Engine Concept for CNG-OME Dual Fuel Operation Using External and Internal EGR," SAE Technical Paper 2022-32-0067, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-32-0067.Also In
References
- White et al. Shock wave calibration of under-expanded natural gas fuel jets 2008 Shock Waves 18 5 353 364 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-008-0158-6
- Imran et al. Natural gas fueled compression ignition engine performance and emissions maps with diesel and RME pilot fuels 2014 Applied Energy 124 354 365 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.067
- Hanson et al. Operating a Heavy-Duty Direct-Injection Compression-Ignition Engine with Gasoline for Low Emissions SAE Technical Paper Series 2009-01-1442 2009 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1442
- Kassa et al. 2019 Dual-Fuel Combustion The Future of Internal Combustion Engines Antonio Paolo Carlucci https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80570
- Kokjohn et al. Fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI): a pathway to controlled high-efficiency clean combustion 2011 International Journal of Engine Research 12 3 209 226 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087411401548
- Garcia et al. Experimental Investigation on CNG-Diesel Combustion Modes under Highly Diluted Conditions on a Light Duty Diesel Engine with Focus on Injection Strategy 2015 SAE Int. J. Engines 8 5 2177 2187 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-24-2439
- Bessonette et al. Effects of Fuel Property Changes on Heavy-Duty HCCI Combustion SAE Technical Paper Series. 2007-01-0191 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0191
- et al. Experiments and Modeling of Dual-Fuel HCCI and PCCI Combustion Using In-Cylinder Fuel Blending 2009 SAE Int. J. Engines 2 2 24 39 https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2647
- Hardy et al. A Study of the Effects of High EGR, High Equivalence Ratio, and Mixing Time on Emissions Levels in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine for PCCI Combustion SAE Technical Paper Series. 2006-01-0026 2006 https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0026
- Splitter et al. High Efficiency, Low Emissions RCCI Combustion by Use of a Fuel Additive 2010 SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr 3 2 742 756 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-2167
- Reitz , Rolf Deneys and Hanson , Reed M. and Splitter , Derek A. and Kokjohn , Sage L. 2016 Engine Combustion Control via Fuel Reactivity Stratification 9376955 June 28 2016
- Paykani et al. Progress and recent trends in reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines 2016 International Journal of Engine Research 17 5 481 524 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087415593013
- Yu et al. Comparative study on Gasoline Homogeneous Charge Induced Ignition (HCII) by diesel and Gasoline/Diesel Blend Fuels (GDBF) combustion 2013 Fuel 106 470 477 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.10.068
- Hariharan et al. Strategies for Reduced Engine-Out HC, CO, and NO x Emissions in Diesel-Natural Gas and POMDME-Natural Gas Dual-Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper Series. 2022-01-0460 2022 https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0460
- Srna et al. POMDME as an Alternative Pilot Fuel for Dual-Fuel Engines: Optical Study in a RCEM and Application in an Automotive Size Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper Series. 2018-01-1734 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-1734
- Dev et al. An Experimental Study on the Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper Series. 2020-01-0310 2020 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0310
- Chen et al. Study of injection pressure couple with EGR on combustion performance and emissions of natural gas-diesel dual-fuel engine 2020 Fuel 261 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116409
- Gonzalez D et al. Internal Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Efficiency and Emissions in a 4-Cylinder Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper Series. 2016-01-2184 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2184
- Mueller et al. Investigation of a Second Exhaust Valve Lift to Improve Combustion in a Methane - Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper Series. 2022-01-0466 2022 https://doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0466
- Ueckerdt et al. Potential and risks of hydrogen-based e-fuels in climate change mitigation 2021 Nat. Clim. Chang. 11 5 384 393 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01032-7
- Schmitz et al. Conceptual Design of a Novel Process for the Production of Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers from Formaldehyde and Methanol 2017 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 56 40 11519 11530 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02314
- Pélerin et al. Potentials to simplify the engine system using the alternative diesel fuels oxymethylene ether OME1 and OME3−6 on a heavy-duty engine 2020 Fuel 259 116231 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116231
- Sinha et al. The chemical structures of opposed flow diffusion flames of C3 oxygenated hydrocarbons (isopropanol, dimethoxy methane, and dimethyl carbonate) and their mixtures 2004 Combustion and Flame 136 4 548 556 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.12.011
- Burger et al. Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers as components of tailored diesel fuel: Properties, synthesis and purification concepts 2010 Fuel 89 11 3315 3319 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.05.014
- U.S. Department of Energy May 05 2022 https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/natural_gas_renewable.html
- Materazzi et al. 2019 The role of waste and renewable gas to decarbonize the energy sector In Substitute Natural Gas from Waste 1–19 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815554-7.00001-5
- 2007 https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/
- Lehtoranta et al. Performance and Regeneration of Methane Oxidation Catalyst for LNG Ships 2021 JMSE 9 2 111 https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020111
- European Parliament and Council 2016 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R1628&from=DE
- Oelschlegel. 2018 Dieselmotorische Verbrennung Handbuch Dieselmotoren Helmut Tschöke , Klaus Mollenhauer , and Rudolf Maier 91 116 Springer Reference Technik https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07697-9_9
- Reif , Konrad Dieselmotor-Management 2012 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-2179-9
- Buitkamp et al. A detailed study of a cylinder activation concept by efficiency loss analysis and 1D simulation 2020 Automot. Engine Technol. 5 3-4 159 172 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00070-1
- Thees et al. High Efficiency Diesel Engine Concept With Variable Valve Train and Cylinder Deactivation for Integration Into a Tractor In Proceedings of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Fall Technical Conference -2019 2020 https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEF2019-7177
- Belgiorno et al. Parametric study and optimization of the main engine calibration parameters and compression ratio of a methane-diesel dual fuel engine 2018 Fuel 222 821 840 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.038
- Tschöke , Helmut , Mollenhauer , Klaus , and Maier , Rudolf Handbuch Dieselmotoren 2018 Wiesbaden Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07697-9