1. Introduction
In recent years, the State Grid aims to accelerate the construction as a modern enterprise, and create a “world- class power grid, international first-class enterprise”. To reform as a driving force, it’s a target to improve the modern enterprise system, complete the restructuring of the grid enterprise business, assets, institutions and personnel, strengthen enterprise management, transform the management mechanism, and initially establish a modern enterprise system. It’s important to accelerate structural adjustment, optimize the allocation of resources, realize asset to maintain value rise, and finally realize the goal of constructing the national power grid enterprise to a modern large-scale enterprise.
In this context, the scientific enterprise diagnosis is very necessary. This paper constructs the enterprise operation diagnosis index system based on the strategic map analysis method. The system, according to the strategic map, fully reflects the business operations in financial level, customer level, internal level, and learning and growth level.
We focused on the important aspects during the indicator selection process. The system covers the major aspects of the business operations and fully reflects the current state power grid development strategic planning, so that the enterprise can find some potential questions through the analysis of the data of index system and achieve a stable development.
2. Research Method
This paper adopts the method of strategy map. Strategy map theory was formally proposed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton in 2004 in their co-authored book, “strategy map?converting in tangible assets into tangible outcomes”, which is an important part of the famous theoretical system, the balanced score card. The strategy map completely interprets the logic of the Balanced Scorecard theory: it is a must to be able to measure strategy before managing strategy, and it is a must to be able to describe strategy before measuring strategy.
As a strategy performance management and evaluation tool, the strategy map mainly measures the corporate from financial level, customer level, internal process level, and learning and innovation level. The core idea is to show the strategic trajectory through analyzing the interaction between the four indicators.
3. Analysis Process
3.1. Determined All Levels of the Power Grid Strategic Direction According to the Strategy Map Analysis Method
According to the analysis above, the strategy map mainly measures corporate from financial level, customer level, internal process level, and learning and innovation level. Therefore, this study, combining with the development strategy and the actual situation of the national grid, firstly determines the strategic objectives of the four levels.
The total strategic goal in the financial level for the enterprise is value growth. At the customer level, four main bodies related to China State Grid Corp are the state and society, users, power plants, and the international market. Therefore, at this level, State Grid’s strategy is to coordinate the relationship with the four main bodies. At the internal level, the strategy is development, construction and investment efficiency, operation, overhaul, and quality of service. At the learning and growth level, the strategy is human capital, information capital, and material management ability.
3.2. Determining the Target Level According to the Strategic Direction
At the financial level, we determine the five specific targets: cost, level of profitability, solvency, operation ability, and development ability.
At the state and society level, the targets are environment protection, resource conservation and social contribution. At the user level, as the State Grid is an electric energy service provider, the specific targets are reliability, economy, and quality.
At the power plant level, the power generation enterprises pay close attention to the cooperation with the national grid and the economic benefits from the cooperation, so the specific targets are environmental protection and power plant economy. At the international market level, as the national grid positively develops national business in recent years, therefore, the specific targets are the development of international institutions and the development of overseas business.
At the internal level and the learning and growth level, we set goals according to the company strategic direction the same way as the levels above, which will be discussed in the following sections.
3.3. Determining Index System According to the Corresponding Target Index
Based on the basic theory of strategic map, we analyze strategic objectives and specific targets in all aspects of the national grid, and operation diagnosis index system is formulated referring to these goals and national grid existing index database.
4. Results and Discussion
According to strategy map theory, we can get the strategy map of State Grid. As shown below, Figure 1 shows the goals and specific targets of national grid in the financial level, customer level, internal level, learning and development level. Specific indicators based on these targets are further provided to measure these goals.
4.1. Financial Level
All the financial risk management fields must be incorporated into the scope of the study when we determine the
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Figure 1.Strategy map of the state grid.
enterprise financial risk indicators, so this study analyzes the risks from five aspects, namely cost, profit ability, debt paying ability, operating ability, and development ability. The analysis at the cost level shows if cost control is reasonable in the process of enterprise operation. Profitability analysis shows the questions of business links. Solvency analysis shows the enterprise’s ability to continue as a going concern and its risks. Operational capacity study shows the assets operation ability. Developmentability study shows the development trend of the enterprise, and judges whether there are risks in its operating and financial decisions. These four aspects including static indicators and dynamic indicators, can reflect the financial position, operating results, and judge the existence of enterprise financial crisis (Table 1).
4.2. Customer Level
At the customer level, it mainly analyzes the four main bodies which are closely connected with the National Grid: the state and society, the sale of electricity purchase terminal, terminal and the international market.
4.2.1. State and Society
With the national energy development strategy as the guidance, the targets are to save energy and reduce emissions of harmful gases (Table 2).
4.2.2. User
As the electric power service provider, the national grid should promote the sale of electricity, power efficiency and user satisfaction, improve the user management and service standard system. It’s also important to improve power supply reliability [1], quality and economy [2], and improve the quality of electric energy, which means reducing the average outage time of the power users, reducing the user’s loss caused by power outages and electric energy quality problems, and enhancing the stability [3] (Table 3).
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Table 1. Specific indicators of financial level.
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Table 2. Specific indicators of state and society level.
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Table 3. Specific indicators of user level.
4.2.3. Electric Power Plant
Since several competitors formed at the generation side, all power enterprises became independent economic entity, which pursuit maximizing its benefit. Therefore, power companies pay more attention to the cooperation with the national grid and its economic benefit (Table 4).
4.2.4. International Marketing
In recent years, the State Grid has been working in constructing “a world-class power grid, an international first-class enterprise”, and its business is actively expanding into the international market. Through international distribution, its ability of international company business management has improved significantly. The development of the international market also has a certain role in promoting the development of power grid enterprise. Therefore, it’s necessary to pay attention to exploration and development of the international market in the index system. The specific indicators consist of overseas business income, interests and development of overseas institutions (Table 5).
4.3. Internal Level
According to the company’s strategy, it’s necessary to focus on the human resources, financial, material intensive management, the planning, construction, operation, overhaul, and marketing system.
At the internal level, mainly based on the strategic requirements, we select the relevant diagnostic indicators in the five aspects of power grid development, power grid construction and investment efficiency, power grid operation, maintenance and customer service.
4.3.1. The Development of Power Grid
We pay attention to accuracy rate of planning project, material procurement, the situation of grid lines from the aspect of the development of State Grid (Table 6).
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Table 4. Specific indicators of power plant level.
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Table 5. Specific indicators of the international market financial level.
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Table 6. Specific indicators of the development level.
4.3.2. Construction and Investment Efficiency
As power grid construction is the foundation of development, the investment and efficiency of equipment are important factors (Table 7).
4.3.3. Operation
The diagnosis of power grid operation is mainly from the evaluation of power transmission, substation, power distribution and power users, and at the same time, we evaluate the operation of the power grid equipment.
a) Transmission link
The goal of building a smart grid transmission side is to enhance the transmission capacity of transmission lines, reduce transmission cost, strengthen the line running state considerable and controllability, and realize state assessment, fault diagnosis, maintenance and risk early warning. It mainly consists of the key technology of UHV transmission, flexible HVDC transmission line, transmission line condition monitoring and intelligent inspection (Table 8).
b) Transformer link
The development of the transformer side focuses on intelligent substation, and its main goal is to provide reference for smart grid scheduling and equipment operation management optimization and decision through the construction of Smart Substation and other intelligent device (Table 9).
c) Dispatching link
At the dispatching link, the key problem to solve is safety and stable operation of large power grid; energy saving, emission reduction and resources allocation optimization, and grid integration operation coordination control.
Based on the distributed integration platform, it’s important to realize homogenization scheduling management, enhance grid scheduling control ability and optimize the ability of the resource allocation, decision-mak- ing, regulation and control, grid security, stability, economic operation, high quality guarantee. The construction of distribution network, distribution automation, the popularization of electric vehicles and distributed energy access are also important concerns. The targets are to building the efficient, flexible and reasonable distribution network, achieve centralized/decentralized storage compatible access, unified control device and distributed power supply, and complete the construction of practical distribution automation system (Table 10).
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Table 7. Specific indicators of the construction and investment benefit level.
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Table 8. Specific indicators of the transmission link.
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Table 9. Specific indicators of the transformer link.
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Table 10. Specific indicators of the dispatching link.
d) User link
The main task of user side is the construction of the electricity information collection system, the construction of two-way interaction between the user and the system of power grid, and finally to enhance the efficiency of user electric energy utilization and operation. In addition, the development of the smart grid user side focuses on the promotion of electric vehicles and the construction related to charge and discharge facilities (Table 11).
e) Equipment situation
The condition of the equipment is very important during the operation process. Therefore, health and economy of equipment are two important aspects to diagnose (Table 12).
4.3.4. Overhaul
Network security is an important aspect of power grid construction. Therefore, maintenance is an essential link. Three aspects of grid maintenance focus on safety management, reliability, and maintenance condition. Maintenance of accidents and the situation of power grid are necessary (Table 13).
4.3.5. Customer Service
The evaluation of customer service is mainly to measure service quality and power quality (Table 14).
4.4. Learning and Development
4.4.1. Human Resources
In the diagnosis of human resources, we need to analyze the team quality, and the analysis consist of the proportion of employees with different levels of education and titles, employee work efficiency and training development [4] (Table 15).
4.4.2. IT Capability Maturity
The enterprise IT capability maturity consists of four dimensions, which are basic ability, ability of supporting business, ability of supporting management, and ability of IT learning and innovation [5] (Table 16).
4.4.3. Material
The diagnosis of the enterprise supplies focuses on the power grid investment and construction, inventory, and procurement bidding (Table 17).
Based on the strategy map method, this study analyzes the strategic goals of the national grid in four different levels of and the specific targets of strategic objectives. Combined with the existing internal index database, we established an enterprise diagnosis index system and provided a new method for diagnosis of power grid operation.
According to the analysis, we identify 4 categories, 17 small classes, a total of 121 evaluation indexes, and the results provide an effective basis of improving and enhancing the business. The “*” label is recorded on the indexes which are not in the existing index database, and the enterprise can add these indicators into the base in
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Table 11. Specific indicators of the user side.
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Table 12. Specific indicators of the equipment situation.
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Table 13. Specific indicators of overhaul.
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Table 14. Specific indicators of the customer service.
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Table 15. Specific indicators of human resources.
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Table 16. Specific indicators of it capability maturity.
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Table 17. Specific indicators of material.
case of the statistics need. In the practical application of the index system for performance evaluation, the enterprise can use the AHP score method to diagnose the operation situation.