Biodiversity of the Phytoconstituents in the Some Plant Species Potentially Toxic

List of the toxic plants, contains plants in which all of the plant or only certain parts of it are toxic. In general, poisoning occurs on the digestive system, but some plants, even by touch, may cause poisoning. Factors influencing the seriousness of intoxication are: Individual constitution, age, Characters inherited (hereditary inclination). At some plants, which contain a toxic labile, by boiling toxicity becomes inactive, it decomposes. Toxic plants in fairly high proportion negatively influence the quality. The species characterized from the viewpoint of chemical composition belong to classes such as the following.


Toxicity
All parts, especially roots and berries, are toxic. As few as six berries have been reported to causesevere symptoms. Actaea species are closely related to plants in the genus Aconitum, a highly toxic plant genus which contains wolf bane and several varieties of monkshood. In some parts of Europe the powdered leaves, stems and flowers are used as an insecticide. Foliage and fruit are moderately toxic. Formerly protoanemonin was said to be found in fresh herb, but this couldn't be confirmed [2].

Toxicity
This very toxic plant contains more than 10 cardiac glycosides. Its epigeous parts contain toxic cardiac glycosides; its roots are also poisonous, still being researched. Adonis first excites the inhibitory nerves in the heart at the central end, increasing arterial tension, and later paralyzes the peripheral end of the vagus. It also excites the accelerating nerves, so that there occurs an interference between the two systems of cardiac innervation, resulting in a feeble and irregular heart action and finally in a total paralysis of the motor nerve supply of the heart. It also causes diuresis. The action is rapid and not cumulative [3].

Toxicity
Aethusin, related to cicutoxin.Although fairly toxic, fool's parsley has occasionally been used in folk medicine. The herb is sedative and stomachic. It has been used in the treatment of gastro-intestinal problems, especially in children, and also to treat convulsions and summer diarrhoea. Extreme caution in the use of this herb is advised; see the notes above on toxicity. Excitement on ingestion, then depression, paralysis of skeletal muscles, vomiting, diarrhoea, pupils dilated, death by suffocation, does not affect the heart. The roots mistaken for radish, leaves for Parsley. Aethusa chiefly affects nervous system/gastrointestinal system. It is used to treat violent vomiting, pains, convulsions, and even delirium, which all lead to exhaustion and sleepiness. This remedy is also used to strengthen the mind when it is weak and when concentration is difficult [4].

Toxicity
Githagenin is toxic (destroyed at 50°C). This plant contains colloidal glycosides which contain the properties of saponin. Saponincontaining plants have a bitter taste and are not often eaten, but there have been reports of poisoning in horses. 3 g [of seeds] are considered toxic. The seeds are primarily responsible for poisonings from corncockle, however, all parts are suspected to be toxic. Seeds consumed at a concentration of 0.2-0.5% of body weight are lethal to young poultry; older birds are less susceptible. The toxic response includes severe gastroenteritis, acute stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, listlessness, weakness, and slows breathing [5].

Toxicity
Leaves are toxic to domestic animals. Gardeners who fell the tree may suffer rashes. Observations are more violent than my own to sniffing the leaves, "The odour of the foliage is intensely disagreeable and can cause headache and nausea rhinitis and conjunctivitis. The pollen can cause hay fever" The sap is a skin and eye irritant. Pollen can cause allergic reactions. A yellow dye is obtained from the leaves. Male flowers are conspicuous and ill smelling, attracting many insects. Female flowers are less odorous and less conspicuous [6].

Toxicity
Calcium oxalate and possibly irritant proteins. Nevertheless, ingestion of onion and other Allium sp. are known to be toxic to many animal species, including dogs, cats, cattle, horses, sheep and goats. The signs pain and swelling of oral cavity, acute inflammation of oropharynx accompanied by salivation, pawing at the mouth, and drooling. Edema of the lips, tongue, and throat may be seen. Allium sp.
contain organosulfoxides, particularly alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides, are responsible for their characteristic odor. Plants trauma, like chewing or cutting, converts the organosulfoxides to a complex mixture of sulfurcontaining organic compounds that are responsible for the flavor and effects of these plants on animals. Allium organosulfur compounds appear to be readily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and are metabolized to highly reactive oxidants, have been implicated in onion-induced hemolytic anemia [7].

Toxicity
Ambrosia sp., both in their native range and in invaded areas, are of public health concern due to the allergenic properties of their pollen.
The NDA panel concluded that inhalation of plant pollen causes rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, with skin allergies and food allergy playing minor roles. Ambrosia may cross-sensitize patients to other allergens, including food allergens [8].

Toxicity
These toxins occur throughout the plant, including the nectar, and can be found in honey. The leaves of most of these species are leathery or bitter, so their palatability is rather low. No specific antidote is known but subcutaneous injection of morphine has been used successfully in goats. A toxin, called 'andromedotoxin' can be released from the plant if it is infused in boiling water. See notes below regarding use of the plant for tea [9].

Toxicity
The toxin (protoanemonin) is quite irritating to mucous membranes. Blisters are commonly seen after the plant is chewed. Ingestion is rare. If ingested, signs of severe, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis are seen and may lead to shock [10].
Chemical structure diversity and their biodiversity some the plants in overview of the extremely various. Plants are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals or bio nutrients and on toxicity of active plant principles, which must be known, to determine their safety use.