Training Programmes of ISDS on Reeling and Spinning Technology in Tasar Culture for Woman Participants

Human resource development and training programmes are the key factors in enhancing productivity and quality in various sectors by improving fitness and skill power of their stakeholders. Keeping this in view, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (CTR&TI), Ranchi has taken up the task of designing and organizing various ample training programmes silk reeling and spinning for effective human resource development and training in tasar culture. The training programmes of Integrated Skill development Scheme (ISDS) To assess the quality, effectiveness and impact of training programmes, a systematic analysis was made on the basis of various parameters like reeling and spinning of tasar yarn such as the extent of facilities provided, training efficiency, overall management and coordination of the training programme and other indices calculated based on preand post-training data collected from the trainees. The results However, they opined for some improvement in performance to make their practically operated their independent more interesting and effective by using newly developed reeling and spinning machines.The data revealed that higher level of improvement in technology adaptation; knowledge level and income level of all the trainees, ranging from (Table-4) 55.4, 55.2&53.2%, and approximate Rs. 4,500 to 5,000per month respectively. The training programmes of Integrated Skill development Scheme (ISDS) improvement of tasar silk reeling & spinning technology of all three batches women beneficiaries to increase ranging from (Table-5) 28.34, 31.16 &28.51 % respectively. The improvement of silk yield is higher in case of wet reeling (Table-1, 2 &3) 159, 95.2 &97.6%respectively followed by dry reeling 121,85.7 & 85.7%whereas it was lowest in case of Ghicha and Katia spinning (45.5,53.4&38.6 %) & (42.4,45.4& 58.1%) respectively.


Introduction
Indian Tasar Culture has a long heritage and is inseparably interwoven with traditional livelihood of the aborigines of Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. The tasar industry by its nature is a cluster of many non-farm and onfarm activities and has a strong need for many forward and backward linkages. It has been contributing towards the socio-economic upliftment of rural poor, especially from among the tribes, who otherwise occupy the status of people Below Poverty Line. Because of its potential in harbouring gainful rural employment, tasar culture is an effective tool for raising tribal economy and promoting cottage industry. It is a backbone for tribal development, and the Government of India, through the Central Silk Board and different State Governments have initiated several developmental and welfare measures for the tribal welfare through tasar culture. It is a way of life for various tribes and forest dwellers. About 1.25 lakh tribal families are associated with tasar culture in the country. In recent years, the tasar industry has acquired a big role in improving socio-economic status of these tribal people and generating employment opportunities.
Human resource is one of the most critical resources which can give competitive advantage to the organization. In fact, the performance of an enterprise to a great extent depends on the techno-managerial skills possessed by its people. In order to achieve commercial excellence, organizations have been making greater investment in human resource training and development. Systematic and well-planned training and development endeavour helps the organization in overcoming techno-managerial obsolescence and in acquisition of new ideas, skills and techniques. In this context, it is vital that the entire training and development effort is geared towards aligning with the corporate and business strategies of an organization. However, many organizations are experiencing difficulties in planning, organizing and conducting effective training and development programmes, in choosing appropriate human resource development strategies and in developing effective trainers.
To meet the growing needs and expectation of Tasar Industry. Training division of CTR & TI runs various Human Resource Training Programmes for the Scientists, officer and technical/field staff of Central Silk Board (CSB) and Dept. of Sericulture (DOS) from different Tasar growing states, and also farmers, silk reelers, unemployed youth, NGOs and other stake holders of Tasar industry. These programmes are conducted by well-experienced, qualified, trained and able scientists of CTR & TI. Most of the programmes are fully sponsored by either CSB or funding agencies and the participants are provided free boarding & lodging and travelling facilities.
Training Division of Institute ISDS has one the prime objective:-"Skill Seeding and Upgradation of skills in Sericulture sector to meet the dynamic needs of the industry and increasing employability, income levels and quality of

Tasar Silk Reeling and Spinning Technology
All the mentioned training programmes falls under the sector called 'Human Resource Development', which is one of the main sectors of Central Silk Board (CSB), a statutory body deals with the production of silk in India.
The focus of all aspects of Human Resource Development is on developing the most superior workforce so that the organization and individual employees can accomplish their work goals in service to customers. (Ronald R. Sims 2006). Coming to sericulture which is a skilled-based industries, trained man power is the backbone of it. This can be accomplishing only through Human resource development in general and training programme in particular. Through training programme trained man power can be boost out in sericulture which finally leads to the development of silk production in the country as a whole.

Materials and Methods
The present investigation was carried out at CTR&TI, Ranchi and evaluation of training programmes was conducted with various target groups who participated in different training programmes at the Institute Integrated Skill development Scheme (ISDS) during the period on June 2012 to November 2013, three batches total 75 participants and each batch training programme duration 30 days. To assess the technology adaptation, knowledge level quality, effectiveness and impact of training programmes, the data were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire and personal interview of the participants before the commencement and completion of the training programmes. In case of woman trainees the data were collected through practically running 8hours working in a groups of the participants first day of the training and before one day compilation of training programme conducted test for practically and collect production of different machines used in the present course of the training programme of tasar reeling and spinning technologies before commencement & after completion of training were also collected from (groups each group 5-6 members per batch 25 ) the participants with pre-training and post-test training status of technology adoption. The impact of training on knowledge of the participants was also made for the training programmes, especially organized for the women's

Results and Discussion
This Institute conducts Integrated Skill development Scheme (ISDS) training programme for women participants. Most of these are sponsored by the Central government. (Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India)The Institute had played their own subordinate role in order to make these training program a successful one. The training course on which the study was made are Post Cocoon/Reeling & Spinning Technology which is mainly for women participants of all these programs belong to the tribal families of the State in which most of them work for their daily bread. The annual income of these families ranges from Rs. 4,500 -Rs. 5,000 which is far less than the middle men. These people practice both agriculture and sericulture in order to fulfill their livelihood (Subramaniam, R.K. et al 1995).
As we know Sericulture is a skill-based, in order to earn more or boost out the product and income, special training is much needed for these group of people. These training had been conducted in this Institute and other training centre of the State, so as to enhance the living standard of these tribal people. In the present tasar Reeling & Spinning technology the selected participants shows their willingness towards the programmes and also to Tasar Culture. Through this study it can be clearly observed and analyzed that training programme has uplifted their knowledge level and skills to some extent. Some of them, who are already been practicing sericulture, have gained more skills and knowledge from these programs which has make them master in their field. The participants who are totally new to Tasar Culture had been an opportunity to realize another path in their life through which they can earn their living through Tasar Culture which is quite comfortable and scope-full. These participants though they are new to this culture, they shows their interest in learning and their eagerness to practice this tasar culture in their own. Therefore, at last but not the least, in order to improve the living standard of the tribal tasar growers and women, more and more such training programmes has to be conducted in more centers so as to reach every nook and corner of the State. Recent and new technology can also be tried and transfer to the farmers through these programmes. These, type training programmes can be frequently conducted from time to time and demonstrate practically in the field so as to gain more impact.

Comments
Here some of the participants are practicing spinning and silk reeling technology at their villages at Common facility centres (CFC) but some of them are new to Tasar silk reeling and spinning technology. Most of them do not have practical knowledge about the activities of post cocoon technology before the training programme but after the training programme it was observed that they have learned the skills and knowledge of silk reeling and spinning practically handled newly developed Dry Reeled Yarn on Pedal/Motorized Reeling-cum-Twisting machine, Reelingcum-Twisting Machine Samridhi, Ghicha and Katia etc., (CTR&TI Ranchi) all machines operated their own skills and it improves the quality and quantity of Tasar silk production . Therefore this integrated skill development scheme (ISDS) training programme has got a positive impact on their skills and knowledge level by practicing practically they can earn their livelihood and look after their family by increasing their annual income through Tasar culture Table 1,2&3.

Conclusion
Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (CTR&TI), Ranchi has taken up the task of designing and organizing various ample training programmes tasar silk reeling and spinning for effective human resource development and training in tasar culture. The training programmes of Integrated Skill development Scheme (ISDS) To assess the quality, effectiveness, impact and grading of individual trainees beneficiaries of the training programmes, a systematic analysis was made on the basis of various parameters like reeling and spinning of tasar yarn such as the extent of facilities provided, training efficiency, overall management and coordination of the training programme and other indices calculated based on pre-and post-training data collected from the trainees. The results However, they opined for some improvement in performance to make their practically operated their independent more interesting and effective by using newly developed reeling and spinning machines.