Machine Vision of Clustering Identical Parts in Cellular Manufacturing

Business process Re-Engineering (BPR) involves the Radical Redesigning complex and dynamic processes in Research and development (R&D) organizations with multi-layer projects is a difficult task. Previous researchers have proposed many perceptive approaches for BPR utilizing intuition and subjective judgment from “experts” at various stages of their implementation. The proposed method facilitates the reorganization of R&D processes to automate assembly lines; we have tested and evaluated various methods on part discrimination for a model conveyer line. An advanced method is developed on tracking and picking up a specified part among a variety of parts on a moving conveyer. The method consists of a part shape discrimination analysis following the image processing of CCD camera shots for on-conveyer parts retrieving stored images from a collection by comparing features automatically extracted from the images themselves. The common features used are mathematical measures of colour, texture or shape; hence virtually all current CBIR systems.


Introduction
GT is a methodology for organizing work into independent groups each responsible for the production of a given family of products [1].GT simply states that similar things should be done similarly.These problems are also known as the machine-part cell formation (CF) problems where parts and machines in a manufacturing process are assigned to independent cells so that the machine utilization within a cell is maximized and the between-cell movement of parts is minimized [2][3][4][5].We extend the machine-part CF method to model the system process to automatically track and pick specific parts from a moving conveyor.As initial problem to identify and group parts in R&D organizations.Our model is simple, easily implemented, and it is based on well-known and widely used GT concepts.This paper is, we present brief review to the criteria for evaluation of clustering solution of identical parts are picked and grouped into cells using the proposed CBR techniques.The important step in the design of cellular manufacturing system is to identify manufacturing the part family and machine groups, consequently to form cells.The scope of this article entitled "Machine Vision of Clustering Identical Parts in Cellular Manufacturing System" aims at find in accurate results using clustering rather than comparing our files provides an efficient approach to cluster and visualize the multimedia by constructing schematic field with the set of multimedia tags.The schematic field is circle region with several gravitational sources (tags) to locate the multimedia by calculating the positions in field.

Literature Review
One of the oldest-established means of accessing pictorial data is retrieval by its position within an image.Accessing data by spatial location is an essential aspect of geographical information systems (section 5.6.8), and efficient methods to achieve this have been around for many years (e.g.Chock et al. (1984), Roussopoulos et al. (1988).Similar techniques have been applied to image collections, allowing users to search for images containing objects in defined spatial relationships with each other.Improved algorithms for spatial retrieval are still being proposed.Spatial indexing is seldom useful on its own, though it has proved effective in combination with other cues such as colour, Smith and Chang (1997a) and shape.Another method giving interesting results is retrieval by appearance.Two versions of this method have been developed, one for whole-image matching and one for matching selected parts of an image.The part-image technique involves filtering the image with Gaussian derivatives at multiple scales, and then computing differential invariants; the whole-image technique uses distributions of local curvature and phase.In the next section, we present the details of our model and show that our model is (1) simple to understand and use; (2) automated and does not require human expert intervention; (3) easily implementable with minimum computing power, and (4) based on well-known and widely used GT concepts [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].

Proposed System
A part shape discrimination analysis following the image processing of CCD camera shots for on-conveyer parts retrieving stored images from a collection by comparing features automatically extracted from the images themselves.An efficient approach to cluster and visualize the image of parts of a machine by constructing semantic field with a set of multimedia tags.A semantic field is a circle region with several gravitation sources (tags) to locate a multimedia by calculating the positions in the field.Multimedia classification is an important form to multimedia retrieval.Clustering method is introduced which uses gravitation based semantic field to cluster and visualize the multimedia resources.Multimedia resources can be displayed in a visual circle region and the similar multimedia resources can be recommended according to the distances in the semantic field.When gravitation sources are assigned with different weights, the semantic association distance or similarity degree will also change.According the adjustment of weights of gravitation sources, the multimedia resources will also change.

Visual information retrieval
We design table to accommodate images use traditional text columns to describe the schematic significance of the images for example the picture automobile or its engine six or eight cylinders and use information retrieval type for the image to permit content base queries based on intrinsic attribute of the image how closely its colour and shape match a picture of a specific automobile.Specific composite data type used that combines visual information retrieval and appropriate text numeric and date attributes.The primary advantage is to reduce time and effort to require image base informations.The frequent adding and updating of images massive data base it's not practical to require manual entry for all the attributes that might be needed for queries and content base retrieval provides increased flexibility and practical value it's also useful in providing ability to query on attributes such as texture or structure that are difficult to represent key words.Data base application where CBR is useful (i.e)where the queries schematic of the form, "find object that look like this one"-include (Figure 1).

Working of CBR
A Content based retrieval system processes the information contained in image data and creates an abstraction of its content in terms of visual attributes.CBR every image inserted into database to analyze and compact representation of its content stored in a feature vector or signature with following visual attributes such as global colour, local colour, texture, structure, shape.

Matching operations
When we match images, we assign an importance measure or weight to each of the visual attributes and visual information retrieval calculate a similarity measure for each visual attribute.
…..Eq.( 1) Weight: Each weight value reflects how sensitive the matching process should be to the degree of similarity and dissimilarity between two images.In our paper weights are calculated by finding similarity between two tags.Score: The similarity measure for each visual attribute is calculated as the score or distance between two images with respect to that attribute.
Manhattan distance can be also used to calculate the distances between vectors.
Similarity calculations: In reality when images are matched the degree of similarity depends on a weighted sum reflecting the weight and distance of all four of the visual attributes of the comparison image and the test image.
Threshold value: When we match images we assign a threshold value.If the weighted sum of the distances for the visual attributes is less than or equal to the threshold, the images match if the weighted sum is greater than the threshold the images do not match.
The number of matches returned generally increases as the threshold increases.Setting the threshold to 100 would return all images as matches.Such a result of course, defeats the purpose of content base retrieval.

Conclusions
Description vectors have been clustered using fuzzy clustering so as to take the centers of the clusters as signatures of the spin image representation as shown in the Figures 2 to 6.The optimal number of clusters is derived considering two functions that express a measure of under-and over-partitioning, respectively.The optimal number of clusters is the number that minimizes the sum of the two functions representing the trade-off between under-and over-partitioning.Finally, similarity between spin image signatures of 3D objects is obtained considering the permutation that minimizes the sum of distances between the corresponding cluster centers.Some tags are not added, such new tags can be added by the user as per their requirements.Content based retrieval can be done to improve quick search and match to real time objects further study to collect and assemble part to machine separate cells to avoid human intervention for identify similar parts and group into cell we had design a software using multimedia, CCD camera to capture and compare identical

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: Object Palettes of the Graphics Designer.