Axisymmetric Magneto Dynamic (MHD) Stability of a Compressible Fluid Cylinder

The axisymmetric magneto dynamic (MHD) stability of a compressible fluid cylinder under the action of inertia, and electromagnetic forces is developed. A general eigenvalue relation is derived studied analytically and the results are confirmed numerically. In absence of the effect of the electromagnetic forces interior and exterior the fluid, so the model is only subjected to the capillary force. It is found that the model is unstable in the region 0<x<1. While it is stable in the region 1<x<∞. This means that model is just unstable in small domains of axisymmetric perturbation but it stable in all other domains. For very high intensity of magnetic field the model is completely stable for all values of wave lengths. The compressibility has a stabilizing tendency. Citation: Barakat HM (2017) Axisymmetric Magneto Dynamic (MHD) Stability of a Compressible Fluid Cylinder. J Appl Computat Math 6: 372. doi: 10.4172/2168-9679.1000372


Introduction
The stability of a liquid column has been studied; the authors derived the dispersion relation. The examined the type of perturbation on the boundary of the capillary instability of liquid jet [1][2][3][4]. Such works have been extended [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The present work is different from those studied before since the velocity is not solenoidal any more (i.e., ∇u 6=0) and also that the density of the fluid is not uniform. In this chapter we study the stability of a full fluid cylinder of radius R0 endowed with surface tension and pervaded by axial magnetic field for all modes of perturbation. The fluid is assumed to be compressible, inviscid and perfectly conducting. The fluid (of density ρ) is pervaded by the magnetic field The surrounding tenuous medium around the cylinder is assumed to be pervaded by the magnetic field where α is parameter that must satisfy some physical conditions. We shall use the cylinder coordinates (r, ϕ, z) system with the z-axis coinciding with the axis of the cylinder. The fluid is acting upon the capillary, gradient pressure and electromagnetic forces. The capillary force which is due to the curvature pressure is acting along the fluidtenuous interface.

Formulation of the Problem
The basic equations which required for studying the problem under consideration are the combination of the ordinary hydrodynamic equations together with those of Maxwell concerning the electromagnetic theory. In addition we have to add the equation concerning the curvature pressure.
Under the present circumstances, the MHD basic equations in the fluid are given be ( ) In the vacuum region, the basic equations are Along the fluid vacuum interface, we have P s =S(∇ · s n ).
Here u and P are the fluid velocity vector and kinetic pressure, µ and H are the magnetic field permeability coefficient and intensity of magnetic field, respectively, vac H is the magnetic field intensity in the vacuum region, P s is the curvature pressure, γ and C are constants, S is the surface tension coefficient and s n is a unit outward vector normal to the cylinder interface and points like the cylinder coordinate, does.
The unit normal vector s n is given by is the equation of the boundary surface.

Unperturbed State
The Unperturbed state is studied by considering the basic equations from which, we get In order to identify this constant of integration we have to apply the balance of the pressure across the boundary surface at r=R 0 . Taking into account that eqn. (10) in the initial state gives Consequently, the unperturbed pressure distribution is finally given by ( ) where the first term In the unperturbed state the pressure P 0 must be positive and so, using eqn. (16), we find that α satisfies the restriction where the equality is pertaining to the limiting case of zero fluid pressure.

Perturbation Analysis
We consider a small disturbance to the basic state. A perturbed quantity Q(r,0,z;t) may be expressed as Q=Q 0+ Q 1+ .......,|Q 1 | << Q 0 (18) with, where Q(r,0,z,t) stands for P, u , s n , P s , H and while the subscripts (0)and (1) are pertaining to the unperturbed and perturbed quantities respectively and δ(0) is the initial amplitude of perturbation.
and hence, where σ is the growth rate. If (σ=iw , is the wave oscillation frequency. The perturbed radial distance of the fluid cylinder may be expressed as Here R 1 is the elevation of the surface wave measured from the unperturbed position, k is the longitudinal wave number and σ is the growth rate. By the use of the expansion (22), the perturbed equations are given by while those equations in the region surrounding the fluid cylinder are and along the fluid-vacuum interface we have In view of the expansion in eqns. (21) and (22), the relevant perturbation eqns. (23-30) may be simplified and solved. Under the present circumstances the non-singular solution is given by By substituting from eqn. (32) into eqn. (31), we get where I 0 (ηr) is the modified Bessel function of the first kind of order zero and A is an arbitrary constant to be determined .
The perturbed magnetic field in the region surrounding the fluid cylinder is obtained by solving the relevant perturbation eqns. (28) and (29).
Eqn. (28) means that the perturbed magnetic field in the region surrounding the field can be derived from scalar function ψ 1 , say 1 1 By combining eqns. (28) and (41), we get

Boundary Conditions
The solution gives by eqns. (31,32,33, 34 and 45) must satisfy some boundary conditions appropriate to the problem under consideration. these conditions may be written as follows.

1.
The normal component of the velocity vector u must be compatible with the velocity of the fluid particles across the boundary surface at r=R 0 .
where y=ηR 0 is the dimensionless longitudinal wave number. then, we get

2.
The normal component of the magnetic field H must be continuous across the perturbed boundary (22) at r=R 0 . This condition may be written as The unit vector n normal to the cylinder interface and the magnetic fields H and H vac are given by Therefore, the perturbed magnetic field external the fluid cylinder is given by 3. The normal component of the stresses due to the kinetic pressure of the fluid and the magnetic pressure of electromagnetic forces acting inside and outside column must be discontinuous by the curvature pressure. This may be written as This dispersion relation is valid for all axisymmetric m=0 and nonaxisymmetric (m ≥ 1) modes of perturbation.

General Discussions
Eqn. (59) is the capillary dispersion relation of a fluid cylinder acting upon Lorentz force with a homogeneous magnetic field. It is a simple linear combination of the dispersion relation of a fluid cylinder subject to the capillary force only and that one subject upon electromagnetic force with uniform magnetic fields. As the fluid is incompressible as a → ∞ and in such case y → x, therefore eqn. (59) degenerates to If we impose H 0 =0 eqn. (61) reduce to that derived by Rayleigh [15] ( ) ( )

Hydrodynamic Instability
If the model under consideration is acting upon the capillary force only and all other forces are neglected, the stability criterion for such a case is given by the relation in eqn.(60). The discussions of this relation showed that the model is capillary stable in the nonaxisymmetric modes for all short and long wave lengths. In the axisymmetric mode the incompressible model is stable as long as x ≥ 1 and only unstable if 0<x<1 where x=1 corresponding to the marginally stability state.
It is deduced that the fluid cylinder is capillary unstable only in the axisymmetric mode as long as the perturbed wave length is longer than the circumference of the fluid jet.

Magnetodynamic Stability
In the absence of the capillary force and the fluid cylinder is only subjected to the electromagnetic forces interior and exterior the fluid, the dispersion relation in eqn. (59) yields The influence of the longitudinal magnetic field interior the fluid in eqn. (1) is represented by the term −x 2 following the fundamental We conclude that the electromagnetic forces acting interior and exterior the fluid cylinder are stabilizing. This may be due to the fact that the applicable magnetic fields are axial and uniform.

Magneto Hydrodynamic Stability
In order to discuss this general case in which the fluid cylinder is acting upon the capillary and electromagnetic forces we have to discuss the relation in eqn. (59) in its general form we have the following (i) The capillary force is stabilizing if 0 ≤ x<∞, 1 ≤ y<∞ where the equality corresponds to the neutral stability, while it is destabilizing as long as 0 ≤ x<1, 0 ≤ y<1 (ii) The lorentz force is stabilizing for all values of x 6=0, y 6=0 i.e., for all short and long wave lengths.
We deduce that the model under consideration is MHD stabilizing for small wave length.

Numerical Discussions
In order to verify the results which obtained analytical concerning the acting different forces effect on the present model. It is found very important to discuss the dispersion relation in eqn. (59) numerically for axisymmetric perturbation mode. In order to do that we have to rewrite this dispersion relation in non-dimensional form, so we may insert this relation in the computer for making the numerical computation.
Based on the input data, if the values of

Conclusion
From the forgoing discussions, we may conclude the following results.
1. In absence of the effect of the electromagnetic forces interior and exterior the fluid, so the model is only subjected to the capillary force. It is found that the model is unstable in the region 0<x<1. While it is stable in the region 1<x<∞. This means that model is just unstable in small domains of axisymmetric perturbation but it stable in all other domains.

2.
For very high intensity of magnetic field the model is completely stable for all values of wave lengths.
3. The compressibility has a stabilizing tendency.