Elaboration of a Conductive Textile by Coating for Clothes Equipped with Fourth-Generation Photovoltaic Cells

Conducting polymer coated in textiles possess a wide range of electrical properties. The surface resistivity is influenced by concentrations of the reactants, thickness of the coating, nature of the substrate surface, extent of penetration of the polymer into the textile structure and the strength of the binding of the coating to the textile surface. Low resistivity in fabric results from highly doped thicker coatings that penetrate well into the textile structure thus enabling good electrical contact between fibers. 
In this study, we had chosen copper as conductor polymer for coating. The electrical conductivity is influenced by the thickness of coating paste, the nature of the substrate surface. The thickness of the paste and the concentration of the copper were studied in this paper. Furthermore, the electrical surface resistance decreased from 68 MΩ to 8 MΩ with decreasing in coating thickness. However, the thickness of coated fabric is very important factor to determine conductivity and application of textile. In addition, we had noticed that the airflow is affected by the coating thickness which the penetration of the airflow differs from the lower thickness to the higher one. 
This study confirm that we can use coating woven fabric to develop a textile substrate responding to characteristics such as electrical resistance, drapability, air permeability and tensile strength, which are particularly important to be used as a support for flexible photovoltaic cells in clothes.


Introduction 
Textile fabrics nowadays possess a multitude of applications. In addition to their obvious use as materials for clothing, they have a wide variety of highly technical uses, ranging from conventional bulk bags to sophisticated medical implants. Moreover, the miniaturization of electronic devices over the past twenty years or so has expanded textile applications still further. There is extensive interest in the incorporation of sensors into wearable fabrics: for example, for medical, military, sports and leisure applications. In this paper, we explore the innovative use of textiles as supports for electricity-generating PV (photovoltaic) solar cells, contrasting the different approaches that seek to use the performance of a fabric without compromising the operation of the solar cells. The simplest approach, of bonding solar cells to a fabric, is less effective in retaining the textile properties than it is in maintaining the solar cell performance. The other two approaches use contrasting architectures for integrating solar cells with fabrics: Either the cells are constructed on fibers that are subsequently fashioned into a fabric or the cells are formed on a finished fabric. Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages, with rather more effort reported on making coated fibers.
Solar PV is one of the alternative sustainable energy sources that make up increasing amounts of electrical demand in many countries. The renewable sources available include hydroelectric schemes, wind turbines, wave power and tidal power. However, the  Mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break of fabrics were studied according to ISO 13934-1. The Hounsfield apparatus was used.

Experimental Procedure
The satin woven fabric used is made of polyester matriel and with:  26/14 ends compte (Warp compt/weft compt)  300/300 dtex Linéare densité (Warp density/Weft density) The samples were first immersed into acetone solution for 30 min to remove organic solvent and dusts attached on the material and then were washed with de-ionized water twice. The samples were dried at 40 °C after washing.
In this step, we prepared a conductive textile based on copper chloride. This has been accomplished in several steps to achieve the desired results. The substrate chosen for this embodiment is a woven polyester fabric with an average fiber diameter of 18.5 μm. The fabric samples were washed in acetone before coating to remove any grease and plastic reagent from the fabric and dried at 70 °C.
In order to prepare the coating paste, firstly, we dispersed the copper in a solution. Then, the conductor solution prepared was mixed with the polyurethane as a coating polymer and stirred until the preparation of the conductive paste. Secondly, we coated the conductive paste on fabric by coating with different thicknesses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm and it was dried at 150 °C for 3 min of each treated samples (Fig. 4) uniform shirting's. It helps evaluate the performance of parachutes sails, vacuum cleaners, air bags, sail cloth and industrial filter fabrics. Air permeability is an important factor in the comfort of a fabric as it plays a role in transporting moisture vapor from the skin to the outside atmosphere. The assumption is that vapor travels mainly through fabric spaces by diffusion in air from one side of the fabric to the other [9]. Air permeability was measured via standard norm ISO 9237, it is defined as the volume of air in liters which is passed through 10 cm² of the fabric in one minute at a pressure of 500 Pa. Due to the way which yarns, and fabrics are constructed, a large proportion of the total volume occupied by a fabric is usually airspace. The distribution of this airspace influences a number of important fabric properties such as warmth and protection against wind and rain in clothing [5].
Air permeability describes the rate of flow of a fluid through a porous material. The mathematical expression is given by Eq. (2): where k is rate of flow L/(m²·s), Q is volume of flow of fluid through the sample [L], t is time [s] and S is the cross-sectional area [m²]. Air-Tronic instrument was used to determine the air permeability of coated textile as per the ASTM D737, which measures the air flow passing vertically through a surface of 10 cm 2 under pressure of 500 Pa [6].

Tensile Test
Two sets of specimens were taken in the warp direction of the fabric. Each set includes five test tubes of 5 cm × 30 cm. Each specimen is attached to the center of the apparatus so that its central longitudinal axis passes through the center of the outer edges of the jaws. The test length of the traction device is 200 mm. The speed of extension of the apparatus is 100 mm/min under a 5,000 N preload. The results of force and elongation at break were expressed by the arithmetic mean of the 4 specimens in the warp direction of the strips of the fabric.

Electrical Properties
The characteristics and measurements of the coated samples are shown in Table 1. The decrease in surface resistance is due to the

Drapabi
The cha drapability s From our are more fl thickness. M fabric beco comfort of th to decrease t and comfort

Air Perm
The char permeability The airflo by the pore distribution