Embellishment Materials Used for Developed Articles from Discarded Textiles

Embellishment as an art has origin that can be traced far back to the Iron Age. This journey began when primitive man discovered that he could use thread to join pieces of fur to make clothes. As a natural progression, it was discovered that the same thread could be used to make decorative patterns. Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials by stitching designs using thread or yarn and a needle. Often, other materials such as metal strips, precious and semi-precious stones, and sequins are used to add to this decorative stitching technique. Hand embroidery involves stitching embroidery designs by hand onto the fabric [1]. This process is time consuming and painstaking. The mirror glass used in embroidery, known as shisha or abhla, can decorate clothing, torans (doorway hangings), household shrines, curtains and rumals (cloth wrappings). Fabric painting can be seen adorning ladies dresses, men shirts, hand bags, curtains, wall hangings, cushion covers, upholstery. Various fabric paints are buyable from the store shelf. In an era of time stress, there is a need to explore the possibility of transformation of embroidery designs for fabric paintings, as the people engaged in the activity of fabric embellishments, will find it convenient and less time consuming resulting in more earning [2].


Introduction
Embellishment as an art has origin that can be traced far back to the Iron Age. This journey began when primitive man discovered that he could use thread to join pieces of fur to make clothes. As a natural progression, it was discovered that the same thread could be used to make decorative patterns. Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials by stitching designs using thread or yarn and a needle. Often, other materials such as metal strips, precious and semi-precious stones, and sequins are used to add to this decorative stitching technique. Hand embroidery involves stitching embroidery designs by hand onto the fabric [1]. This process is time consuming and painstaking. The mirror glass used in embroidery, known as shisha or abhla, can decorate clothing, torans (doorway hangings), household shrines, curtains and rumals (cloth wrappings). Fabric painting can be seen adorning ladies dresses, men shirts, hand bags, curtains, wall hangings, cushion covers, upholstery. Various fabric paints are buyable from the store shelf. In an era of time stress, there is a need to explore the possibility of transformation of embroidery designs for fabric paintings, as the people engaged in the activity of fabric embellishments, will find it convenient and less time consuming resulting in more earning [2].

Location of study
The present study was conducted in Department of Textiles and Apparel designing, I.C. College of Home Science, (CCSHAU Hisar) of Hisar city.

Collection of data
Required data was collected to conduct the study.

Selection of respondents
Fifty respondents who had some knowledge of stitching and do some reusing of unused textiles were selected purposively from Hisar city. Information regarding the awareness of reuse or existing practices of reuse of discarded textiles and information pertaining to embellishment used for embellishing the products was collected from 50 respondents through interview schedule.

Analysis of data and application of statistical tools
The collected data were coded, tabulated and analyzed using suitable statistical tools to draw the meaningful inferences.

Weighted mean score
To quantify the data regarding existing designing features used by respondents weighted mean score was calculated and ranks were allotted on that basis Total weighted score Weightedmean score No.of respondents =

Results and Discussion
The data in Table 1 and Figure 1 revealed that preferences of Abstract India has a rich heritage of art in the form of embroideries and peoples are well versed with traditional embroidery designs. These may be from Phulkari of Punjab and Haryana; Chamba Rumals or colorful curvilinear Kashmir Kashida. Each region and country has its own distinctive style of embellishment, which incorporates the culture and their history and tradition. Fabric painting can be seen adorning ladies dresses, men shirts, hand bags, curtains, wall hangings, cushion covers and upholstery. The textile material which has been manufactured for a specific end use has lost its utility for that particular end use is term as discarded textile material. Any fabric can be reused even reasonable portion of old and worn out fabrics can be cut-out and used as patches, appliqué or to make household articles. These discarded textiles can be used to create value added products which can be decorative as well as useful. Now-a-days existing designing features used in decorating the prepared articles from discarded textiles is frill, pleats, lace, tucks etc. According to her, the respondents were aware of natural motifs in an article. It was revealed that innovative articles made by reusing jute fabric are commercially viable even in economic terms (Table 3).

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The discarded textile materials can be reused in a better way if utilized in a systematic manner.

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The embellishment materials add beauty to the developed products.

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The products which are developed on single piece basis costs more as compared to when produced on commercial basis / in bulk. designing features used in decorating prepared articles from discarded textiles. Majority of respondents preferred frills as it got 1 st rank with score (2.86) followed by lace (II, 2.52), pleats (III, 2.43), satin ribbon (IV, 2.17), sitara (V, 2.06), tucks (VI, 1.95), braids (VII, 1.83) and bead work (VIII, 1.43).
It is concluded that the respondents who are reusing discarded textiles; they are decorating their articles prepared from the discarded materials by one or other designing features (Table 2).
After preparation of developed products the articles were assessed by the major adviser and researcher for the requirement of embellishment.
The data in Table 2 pertaining to embellishment materials used in developed articles indicated that patch work, frill and satin ribbon were most suitable embellishment material for article number 4 followed by colored thread for article number 23, piping for article number 2, patch, lace and sitara was preferred for article number 7, button and fumens/latken for article number 18, piping for article number 19, lace and piping for article number 16, lace for article number 22, running seam for Article number 3 and lace for article number 5.
It may be concluded that embellishment material may beautify the articles more as compared to without embellishment. Kaur [3] who studied the preferences of respondents 0f Ludhiana for embellishments on the innovative articles made by reusing jute and assessed the commercial viability of the same. Majority of the respondents preferred embroidery and appliqué work as surface embellishment technique for decorating jute articles. The preferred articles were magazine holder, 3