Some Aspects of the Principles of the "Uzbek Model" of Economic Progress

The present article states the actuality and the importance of the “Uzbek model” of development. Consequently, the author according to objective reality analyzes some aspects of the principles of the "Uzbek model" of economic progress.


Short Communication
In countries with a socialist system of management began economic crisis, there was an objective need to change the direction of social development and improvement of economic methods. As noted above, in the countries of socialist economy, including Uzbekistan, have begun to develop and implement appropriate measures to overcome this situation. In this regard, the most important problem was the problem of the transition of the economy to market relations. Historically, this problem was solved in two directions: The first is to abandon the planned system of management and return directly to the capitalist system of management based on market relations. The second is the transfer of the economy to market relations without abandoning the socialist system of management. Both in the first and in the second direction, based on specific historical, socioeconomic conditions, it was necessary to determine the content, direction, principles and methods of transfer of the national economy of the respective countries to market relations. These problems in all countries of the socialist system of management were set and solved in their own way.
In the USSR, it was decided to develop an appropriate program of transition to market relations in relation to the country as a whole. In 1989-1990 two projects of the program of transfer of economy of the USSR to the market relations were developed. The first draft of the program, developed by the Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR under the leadership of academician. Abalkin, provided for the continuation of the socialist society in the country, based on the use of market relations. The second draft of the program, developed by the Commission of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR under the leadership of academician Shatalin SS, provided for the rejection of the socialist system of management and the construction of a capitalist society based on market relations and, in principle, the collapse of the USSR.
Both projects of the program of transfer of economy of the country to the market relations were discussed at meetings of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, but were not approved, it was decided that programs of transfer of economy of PA market relations should be made on the Union republics. Irrespective one Uzbekistan has begun preparations for the transfer of the economy of the Republic to market relations.
First, it was necessary to develop the theoretical basis of this transition, to determine the principles, priorities and directions of the transfer of the economy of the Republic to market relations [1]. Karimov first as the first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party of Uzbekistan in 1989-1991, then as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, solved this task [2]. The "Uzbek model" of economic progress in the formation of market relations in the Republic was developed. In the transition from one socio-economic, system to another can be used two ways: revolutionary and evolutionary [3].
At the revolutionary way, abandoning the existing socio-economic system, ways and methods of its development, at one point, in a short time, through the "shock therapy" a new socio-economic system is established [4].
In the evolutionary path, the transition from one socio-economic system to another is carried out in stages, gradually, as appropriate conditions are created for this [5].
Karimov in his works, proving the inexpediency of using the revolutionary way, the way of "shock therapy", justified the need to use in the transfer of the economy of the Republic to market relations of the evolutionary way; the content, methods and directions of its implementation are reflected in the following statements: "It is necessary to emphasize that the main content and meaning of the chosen path is the transition to normal, civilized development through evolution without pseudo-revolutionary leaps, tragic consequences and strong social upheavals [6].
"Not by great leaps, not by revolutionary changes it is necessary to move to market economy, and consistently, from a stage to a stage. This is a distinctive feature of "Without creating the necessary conditions without actually preparing people for serious changes in the conditions of their life, forced, artificial imposition of the attributes of market relations, can not only not give the expected results, but also compromise the very idea of building a market economy".
"It is certainly important that the transition from one system to another is as smooth and evolutionary as possible. Economic reforms should gradually, step by step, to promote the country to the set sang, to form individual elements and in General the whole system of market relations. "The current economic situation in Uzbekistan and the low standard of living of the overwhelming number of families make it unacceptable for Republic the way of "shock therapy" in the transition to the market. In practice, it turns out to the population "shock without therapy", i.e., rapid disintegration all the existing structures, norms, relations, in other words, complete destruction.
"Taking into account the psychology of the population of the Republic, which is the most accurate expressed in popular wisdom:" do not destroy the old house without building new, can be homeless", the basis of its own transition model a step-by-step, evolutionary path has been laid to the market. "Transition from Central planning and administration-the command style of management to a market economy is not modernization or improvement of the existing mechanism of managing, and the creation of a fundamentally new. It's a transition from one quality States to another. This is a completely new philosophy of life for people. In the force of this cannot be implemented as a single act, but it assumes a fairly long period, which includes a number of successive stage [7].
"We have made a clear choice for ourselves-to move to the market the economy is not a great leap, not by revolutionary destruction, but consistently, from stage to stage, i.e. evolutionary way. Each stage is a link in the implementation of the strategy of reforms".
"The ultimate goal is to build a democratic society with free market economy-must find its embodiment in the every step of the way to her. " Today our primary objective, said Islam Karimov in his book "Uzbekistan on the path of deepening economic reforms", published in 1995, -analyzing what was done, to adopt a new strategy deepening reforms at a qualitatively new stage. Identify its main objectives and goals"2 Based on the above theoretical provisions Karimov developed the "Uzbek model" of economic progress, the basic principles of which are as follows: Economics and politics are interrelated processes. In the development of society, they have an impact on each other. A set of industrial relations that express the state of the national economy and its branches. Politics is a set of actions, methods in public life, aimed at achieving the goals of society.
The goals set for the society by the policy are achieved through the development of the economy. In the development of the economy takes into account the features and directions of policy. In social progress, the economy may take priority over politics, or politics may take priority over economics.
Karimov proved that the priority of economy over policy should be provided to the Republic in the formation of market relations and construction of market economy, and determined the main directions of its implementation, which is reflected in the following statements: "The leading principle of building a new society is the principle of priority impact of the economic basis, economic reforms. At the same time, the strategy of economic reforms should be completely deideologies, that is, not to serve as an instrument for the implementation of political ambitions. The bitter experience of a number of countries mired in the political struggle shows that where economic reforms are subordinated to political interests, there is a complete collapse of the economy, production is reduced, the financial situation of the population deteriorates sharply, and social contradictions grow to a critical point. On the contrary, where emphasis is placed on systemic economic reforms, a solid material basis for democratic and political reforms is being formed " [8].
"I want to say about the most important thing -the first principle of transition to in a market economy. The economy should be given priority over policy. Excessive politicization of society at the expense of economy. The main thing is that the economy should be deideologized. Whatever we want society to be politically, the economy must be independent my opinion". "When they say-there is no freedom of the press that meets all democratic standards in Uzbekistan, I answer -Yes, indeed, I agree with this. However, this is what we strive for, this is our goal. In addition, lawlessness in these questions I do not accept and I won't allow [9]. Lawlessness brings blood and destruction. Enough to look around to understand it. Exactly therefore, we have announced the priority of the economy over politics" [10]. As can be seen, Karimov in his statements indicates the reasons for the establishment of the priority of the economy over politics, determines its essence, ways of implementation and role in the formation of market relations.
In this regard, the economic reforms to transfer the economy to the market relations the priority of the economy over politics is one from the principles of the "Uzbek model" of economic progress. Adoption of the principle, the priority of the economy over politics allowed establishing, in turn, the priority of economic reforms of the government over political strategies in the socio-economic development of the republics.