“Basmachiness”and World War II

In German state interest was the important role of Afghanistan. But the Afghan attack was a function of a bridgehead against the Soviet Union. The initial period in Germany between the governments of Afghanistan, which reports to the Central Asian countries "basmachiness line" want to use. Before the onset of the Wehrmacht attack on Stalingrad and the Caucasus D. Wetzel was ordered from Berlin to create in the Soviet Central Asian republics extensive spy and sabotage network. That project D. Wetzel worked with sovet emigration from Central Asia in Afganistan. This article opened Nazis plan in among basmachi`s.


Short Communication
After the outbreak of World War II basically war in the battle on the Eastern front. Of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 after the outbreak of war in Germany, a very large part of him began to push at a fast pace. The Soviet Union conducted war with Germany not only weapons, but also planned to send it externally. For example, Turkestan Legion, which was captured in the initial period of the war with the USSR, Legion Azad Crimea, as well as a num1ber of organizations, such as those who will be part of it, prisoners from the USSR century, the USSR motivated to act against them. But this plan did not give results (most of the legions of the soldiers of the Legion was included in the compulsory courses of their compatriots a lot of grass depending on the condition that they can escape from the Legion due to circumstances such as grades) uprising on its territory and weaken it externally cancel the job. Thus, in the first quarter of the twentieth century appeared very high suppressed national movement "Basmachiness" against the USSR (Soviet terminology-author) movement was to become [1; C.202.] This movement is suppressed during this period, but its main leaders are still alive, it's a comfortable situation, and they were ready to start trying again. They are mainly located in the territory of Iran and Afghanistan, this land will be in the interests of the German points.
Their interest in this German state was the important role of Afghanistan. But the Afghan attack was a function of a bridgehead against the Soviet Union. The initial period in Germany between the governments of Afghanistan, which reports to the Central Asian countries "basmachiness line" want to use.
Also during this period, most of the Basmachiness movement in Afghanistan was activated. But they monitor the political situation very carefully. If there are tens of thousands of Soviet immigrants to the States on the border with Afghanistan from which the West of the city of Herat, the troops Djunaid Khan (according to some sources he died in 1938 [7; C.339-442.]settlements, Karanko, Altinoluk, Andes high production in the settlements, such as Turkmenistan, Faizabad, Cormorant related and in Badakhshan, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz and Kazakhs appear to be in the comfortable position of immigrants, they can be re-boosting actions.
Mazar Sharif, according to the Ambassador of the USSR: "the Soviet -Afghan border has many servants, Basmachi's firmly and they were built. If they want you to approach the Soviet border in 3-4 days. Turkmen basmachiness was the most numerous, the most well -armed and the most belligerent. There were 5,000 of them armed horsemen in the army" [5; C.208-210].
Of course, the representatives of the Soviet government in Afghanistan element inside out sit down to play them. So, in one of his reports to Moscow Soviet Ambassador to Kabul B. Skvirsky called the" cleaning of the border strip" an attempt in 1935-1936 to disarm some emigrants from Central Asia and evict them to the southern regions of Afghanistan. However, Tajiks, Uzbeks and Turkmens refused to leave their homes and surrender their weapons, and the Afghan authorities, unwilling to aggravate the situation, did not insist on this, was going to make the international situation even more difficult during this period. As a result, Germans in Northern Afghanistan, Japan and China land (also here refugees in the country was available), using internationally located in Fergana "valley Muslims "to keep the main corkscrew" coming. For it to be delivered to him in 1936, Germany and the German Ambassador personal responsibility for Kabul Kurt Simke was appointed Ambassador to Germany. But Soviet intelligence provides them with reliable information. In the end, Ambassador Kurt Simke of Germany will leave Afghanistan [1,2]. Now German diplomacy will now be forced to resign for a while and his place in Japanese intelligence has been obsessed. In late 1937, the ex-Amir of Bukhara Alimkhan In 1941, it was at this time that one of the leaders of basmachi, Kurshirmat, invited the Afghan Prime Minister with an armed detachment to cross the Soviet border and launch an attack on the town of Andijan to destabilize the situation in the Fergana valley. As an alternate route of invasion of the robber bands in the USSR were considered and Tajikistan. However, the equestrian RAID in the area was fraught with great difficulties. In the end, this plan had to be abandoned.
Before the onset of the Wehrmacht attack on Stalingrad and the Caucasus D. Wetzel was ordered from Berlin to create in the Soviet Central Asian republics extensive spy and sabotage network. After the Second world war, former German envoy to Kabul, the City of Pilger during interrogations in Butyrka prison, giving testimony about the activities of the Abver in Afghanistan, said: "Witzel included the extensive planting of agents in the Soviet Union, in particular in the southern regions of the Turkmen SSR, the Tajik [3]. Special attention, according to G. Pilger, D. Witzel has placed the creation in Turkmenistan of the underground organization, which would perform the task of the Abwehr [1;C. 202-203]. At the same time, Courtinat signed with K. Rasmus agreement on cooperation with Germany against the Soviet Union. It stated: "the Turks can achieve independence only with the assistance of the Axis countries, and therefore turkestanis consider themselves their soldiers and are ready to fulfill any task"22. According to Curimata, he and his loyal people in exchange for promised financial aid to the Axis: 1. Prepare and send saboteurs to the Soviet territory for destruction bridges, communication lines and warehouses with food.
2. Organize guerrilla groups in the Central Asian republics and to prepare platforms for reception of the German paratroopers.
3. To carry out acts of sabotage against the Soviet air force airfields in Turkestan.
In 1942, the Germans of the Soviet state as a result of a severe attack a territory passed into the hands of the Germans. Germany and Japan in 1942, has again made a concerted attempt to attract Bukhara Emir Alim khan to cooperation against the Soviet Union. But the former Emir, being under the watchful control of the Afghan authorities, for a long time could not decide on it. In this connection, before may 1942, Mahmud-Bek, already known to us, was the de facto leader of Bukhara emigration and a resident of Abvera in the circles of Uzbek basmanny, who managed with the help of Germans by the spring of 1942. to create an anti-Soviet organization in Northern Afghanistan, which in Abvera was called "Union". The purpose of this organization was the return of Alim Khan to the Bukhara throne. 1942 year the battle of Stalingrad and the Germans in the Caucasus on the basis of the country by immigrants, as well as the improvement in Afghanistan was Mubashirkhan Tarazi (Hansa) was established. Seyid Mansur about him " Germany, when they entered the ground for the invasion of Russian Turkestan, seems to the people for their freedom [4]. At this time immigrants Turkestan, began to return home. And that movements became the head of Mubashirkhan Tarazi. About the life of this great scientist, his son said, Nasrullo Tarazi his "World prison"("Zindani jakhon"), " he (Mubashirkhan Tarazi -author) to from Taraz (now in Kazakhstan). Then Bukhara in the hands of scribes disorders Shaykh Bahriddin interpretation and hadith, logic, and expert on Arabic literature rose to levels before the study began. After the beginning of the Communist revolution, moved from Afghanistan." And after the outbreak of World War II, he actively moved to Afghanistan. Amir Alim Khan also joined the campaign. But he was arrested by the Afghan police. In 1948 he was released from prison, moved with his family to Egypt, and died at the age of 83" (9; C. 87-88).
Members of the organization "Faal" -Kurshermat, Nur Muhammad, Abdulahad Kari , Bafo Khoji (man of amir Alim khan). This time Alim Khan, under pressure from his entourage, decided to cooperate with Germany and Japan and allowed his son Umar Khan to become one of the "Faal" members. And the most precious stone is so help organization as a gift [5]. Active political walk and decided to visit in the near future. But this is not the only material they have in the organization, but the hands, even the German planes, they decided to give. Also "Faal" how to help" Turkestan legions of soldiers to send also was not presented. For this purpose, choose in the near future Wroclaw in Poland, near a special place, and "forest camp CC-20" or "main camp Turkestan legions" was built a military camp. "Faal" according to its supporters, the German army in the battle of Stalingrad and the Caucasus until the summer of 1943, in the year of victory, they had an attack in early 1943, Germany and Japan sought to reconcile the various basmachi's groups and coordinate their activities so that they spring 1943 simultaneously attacked the Soviet territory. To this end, Faal established its centre in Kunduz and attempted to expand its network of agents in the Soviet republics of Central Asia. At the same time, attempts were made to establish contact with the leader of the Kyrgyz Basmachi Kamchi-Bek, who since September 1941. already committed attacks on Soviet territory. The messenger Mubashir Khan Tarazi managed to establish contact with him and agree on joint action, so Kamchi-Bek pulled his troops to the Soviet border [6,7]. Kyzyl Ayak was also ready to participate in the attack on Soviet Turkestan.
In the late summer of 1942 candussi center "Faal" said the German Embassy in Kabul, in Northern Afghanistan Basmachiness formation, ready to oppose the Soviet Union, numbered in its ranks 70 thousand but only 15 thousand of them have weapons. Most likely, informing the Germans this clearly inflated figure of the number of their troops on the Soviet-Afghan border, the leaders of "Faal" once again sought to get from Germany as much money and weapons. Large-scale preparation basmachestva to attack the Soviet Central Asian Republic could not long remain secret for both the Afghan government and intelligence of the USSR and England. Therefore, in early April 1943, the Afghan authorities have arrested Mubashir Khan Tarazi and about a hundred other members of the "Faal".
In Afghanistan, Soviet Ambassador K Mikhailov 1943-year Afghan government in July, "notes" dispatched. ". In document, read out by Ambassador Mikhailov Hashim-Khan, numerous examples of anti-Soviet activity of basmachestvo in Northern Afghanistan were also listed and the facts testifying that diplomatic missions of Germany and Italy conduct subversive work against the USSR were cited. On this occasion, the note said: "the German mission finances and manages the activities of the hostile Soviet Union emigrants from the USSR in Afghanistan. And also: 1. Liquidate the organization of Central Asian emigrants and bring it to trial manual (Hashim Khan was handed a list with the names of the members, "Faal").
2. Urgently limit the composition of the German mission, as well as Italian, a messenger and a Secretary [1].
In 1943 May-June "Faal" detained in a mass arrest. During interrogations of members of this anti-Soviet organization it became clear that Alim Khan he provided her with protection and financial assistance. Angry king Zahir Shah ordered to take him to his Palace. When the blind old man was brought to an Afghan monarch, the king accused Alim Khan of cooperating with the Axis countries [8,9]. The former Emir of Bukhara, not finding arguments in his defense, burst into tears and said that he was drawn into the intrigue of Germany and its allies against his will. It is unlikely that the Zahir Shah believed it, but no repressive measures against Alim Khan was not accepted, to avoid dissatisfaction of Central Asian immigrants[1; C.232-243].