Antimicrobial Effect of Plant Oils against Some Bacterias Izolated from Patients Samples

Aim: The aim of present study was to compare the antibacterial potential of Thymus sipyleus boiss. subsp. sipyleus boiss. var. sipyleus L. (Thymol and camphor both tested), Satureja thymbra L. and Origanum onites L. by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Methods: We isolated Enterococcus spp., E. coli, Morgonella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MSSA, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis from different patient samples. The antibacterial activity of each oils was evaluated by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Proteus mirabilis were the most susceptible bacteria against essential oils, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia and Morganella morganii. Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not show susceptibility to any oil. Conclusion: The essential oils of the T. sipyleus, O. onites and S. thymbra were especially very effective against the resistant strains such as Enterococcus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia. In this group the maximum antimicrobial activity was observed with the essential oils of Origanum onites and Satureja thymbra. We think that these oils can be proposed in treatment process as an alternative application structures in the future. of Agriculture, the Department of Plant Protection, Erzurum, Turkey. Aerial parts of the plants were dried in shade and ground in a grinder. The dried plant samples (500 g) were subjected to hydro distillation for 4 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The oil yields of O. onites, S. thymbra and T. sipyleus were 4.5%, 2.3%, 1.17% and 0.98% (w/w, dry weight basis), respectively. The yield was based on dry materials of plant samples. The oils were dried over a hydrous Na2SO4 and stored under N2 in a sealed vial until required, and then stored at 4°C until used for toxicity bioassays. The pure compounds were purchased commercially from Fluka and Sigma. [Camphor (Fluka, purity 97%), Thymol (Sigma, purity 95%)]. The compounds tested for toxicity against Enterococcus spp., E. coli, Morgonella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MSSA, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis. Collection of bacteria Enterococcus spp., E. coli, Morgonella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MSSA, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis isolated from different patient samples in the laboratory of clinical microbiology with VITEC microbial identification system. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method The experiment was performed with a bacterial inoculum of 0.5 McFarland; Mueller-Hinton (MH) was inoculated with each bacterial Citation: Balkan CE, Kordali S, Bozhüyük AU (2018) Antimicrobial Effect of Plant Oils against Some Bacterias Izolated from Patients Samples. J Mol Genet Med 12: 318 doi:10.4172/1747-0862.1000318 Volume 12 • Issue 1 • 1000318 J Mol Genet Med, an open access journal ISSN: 1747-0862 Page 2 of 2 strain. Each oil was applied to a sterile filter paper disc (6-mm diameter) 2 μl placed on the surface of inoculated plates; duplicate plates for each oil were used. After overnight incubation at 37°C, the inhibition zones were measured. Control plates were prepared by placing sterile water for negative controls (Figure 1 and Table 1).

of Agriculture, the Department of Plant Protection, Erzurum, Turkey. Aerial parts of the plants were dried in shade and ground in a grinder. The dried plant samples (500 g) were subjected to hydro distillation for 4 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The oil yields of O. onites, S. thymbra and T. sipyleus were 4.5%, 2.3%, 1.17% and 0.98% (w/w, dry weight basis), respectively. The yield was based on dry materials of plant samples. The oils were dried over a hydrous Na 2 SO 4 and stored under N 2 in a sealed vial until required, and then stored at 4°C until used for toxicity bioassays.

Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method
The experiment was performed with a bacterial inoculum of 0.5 McFarland; Mueller-Hinton (MH) was inoculated with each bacterial Page 2 of 2 strain. Each oil was applied to a sterile filter paper disc (6-mm diameter) 2 µl placed on the surface of inoculated plates; duplicate plates for each oil were used. After overnight incubation at 37°C, the inhibition zones were measured. Control plates were prepared by placing sterile water for negative controls ( Figure 1 and Table 1).

Results
Proteus mirabilis were the most susceptible, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia and Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not show susceptibility to any oil. Klebsiella pneumonia susceptible, other oils did not show susceptibility to the camphor oil.

Discussion
In the literature, the results of experiments showed that the oil from Thymus exhibited extremely strong activity against all of the clinical strains. In traditional popular medicine, Thymus spp. essential oil has been traditionally used to treat respiratory tract disorders and wound infections; using of Thymus derivatives has been used to treat wound infections, cough, and sputum treatment. Over the past few years, the interest in natural medicine has been increasing in industrialized societies and in medical area also. It is evident that there is a relationship between the high activity of thymol oil and the presence of phenol components such as thymol and carvacrol to the bacterias [7][8][9][10][11].
According to literatures, the mode of action of essential oils against pathogen or non-pathogen bacteria cannot be attributed to one specific mechanism [12].
Enterococcus spp., E. coli, Morgonella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MSSA, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis are the most important causes of some infections, and the emergence of resistance to antibiotics is a serious public health problem.

Conclusion
In our hands, comparison of their results of this study with previously published data is difficult because the composition of plant oil products is known to vary according to local air conditions, soil composition and to extraction techniques. Moreover, the results obtained may differ because of the method used to assess antimicrobial activity and quantity of oil.
The essential oils of the T. sipyleus, O. onites and S. thymbra were especially very effective against the resistant strains such as Enterococcus spp. and Klebsiella pneumonia. The maximum antimicrobial activity was observed with the essential oils of Origanum onites and Satureja thymbra.

Proteus mirabilis
Kirby-Bauer 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 12 mm 0 mm *Mean values in Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method expressed as mm Table 1: The results of the antibacterial assays in terms of Kirby Bauer (Inhibition ranged from 0 mm to 30 mm).