Korean J Nutr. 2012 Aug;45(4):324-335. Korean.
Published online Aug 31, 2012.
© 2012 The Korean Nutrition Society
Original Article

Relationship of dietary self-efficacy and illness beliefs, perceived benefits and perceived barriers for the reduction of sodium intake in the elderly

Yoonsuk Suh,1 Yun-Hee Seok,1 and Young-Jin Chung2
    • 1Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
    • 2Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
Received June 08, 2012; Revised July 03, 2012; Accepted August 09, 2012.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of dietary self-efficacy and illness beliefs, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers for the reduction of sodium intake in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was performed on 252 elderly people, aged 65 yrs and above, living in Daejeon Metropolitan city and Jecheon city, Chungbuk from March 21 to March 30, 2011. Dietary self-efficacy of three factors (resisting relapse, reducing salt and behavioral skills), perceived benefits and barriers, accurate and inaccurate illness beliefs were measured by 5 or 4 point Likert scale. With the increasing education level of the elderly, dietary self-efficacy, and accurate illness belief score increased and perceived barrier score decreased. Perceived benefits score was higher in the subject living alone compared to those living with siblings or spouses. Among three factors of dietary self-efficacy, reducing salt was scored highest and behavioral skills scored lowest in the elderly. Recording meal diary and reading labels for salt content in the items of behavioral skills showed lower score than other items. Accurate illness beliefs and perceived benefits were more scored than inaccurate illness beliefs and perceived barriers respectively in the subjects. The subjects with higher accurate illness beliefs, lower inaccurate illness beliefs, higher perceived benefits, and lower perceived barriers for the reduction of sodium intake showed higher dietary self-efficacy. In summary, accurate illness beliefs and perceived benefits positively correlated with dietary self-efficacy for the reduction of sodium intake in the elderly, whereas inaccurate illness beliefs and perceived barriers are negatively correlated.

Keywords
the elderly; sodium intake; self-efficacy; illness beliefs; perceived benefits; perceived barriers

Tables

Table 1
Dietary self-efficacy according to the general characteristics of the elderly

Table 2
Illness beliefs according to the general characteristics of the elderly

Table 3
Perceived benefits and perceived barriers according to the general characteristics of the elderly

Table 4
Dietary self-efficacy score for sodium reduction behavior in the elderly

Table 5
Illness beliefs for sodium reduction behavior in the elderly

Table 6
Perceived benefits and barriers for sodium reduction behavior in the elderly

Table 7
Dietary self-efficacy score according to the level of accurate or inaccurate illness beliefs and perceived benefits and barriers for sodium reduction behavior in the elderly

Table 8
Correlation coefficients between total dietary self-efficacy and illness beliefs, perceived benefits and barriers for sodium reduction behavior in the elderly

Table 9
Correlation coefficients between dietary self-efficacy and illness beliefs, and perceived benefits and barriers for sodium reduction behavior in the elderly

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