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    Korean J Urol. 2006 May;47(5):467-474. Korean.
    Published online May 31, 2006.
    https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2006.47.5.467
    Copyright © 2006 The Korean Urological Association
    Original Article

    The Effects of GAC on the Biochemical Profiles and Quality of Life of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients

    Sung Joon Hong,1 Byung Ha Chung,1 Jung Soo Kim,2 Min June Lee,3 Sun Yoon,2 Hea Young Oh,1 Eun Jin Lee,1 Heon Gwan Lim,1 and Sun Buxiang4
      • 1Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
      • 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
      • 3Research Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
      • 4R&D Division, Amino Up Chemical Company, Sapporo, Japan.
    • Corresponding author (Email: sjhong346@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr )
    Received September 09, 2005; Accepted April 04, 2006.

    Abstract

    Purpose

    In order to evaluate the effects of GAC, which is the combination of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) and genistein combined polysaccharide (GCP), we investigated the changes in the biochemical profiles and the quality of life of prostate cancer patients with androgen suppression after the administration of GAC.

    Materials and Methods

    Thirty two eligible metastatic prostate cancer patients between the ages of 54 and 84 were enrolled in this study, and they were supplemented with 5g GAC per day (n=23) or placebo (n=9) for a 6 months period. Blood and urine sample analysis were taken and the quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale Questionnaire (FACT-G) at baseline and at post intervention (after 3 and 6 months).

    Results

    Twenty six patients (n=18 in the GAC group and n=8 in the placebo group) completed the 6 months intervention. No statistically significant adverse events were reported by the study participants. GAC had no significant effect on the serum biochemical parameters. However, all 7 GAC-treated hypercholesterolemic patients had their cholesterol level decreased after 3 months treatment (p<0.02). Results of Comet assay showed significant decreases in tail moment (p<0.009) and tail length (p<0.004) at 6 months compared to baseline for the GAC group. Although the results of the VAS were inconsistent, the score for physical well-being was increased in GAC group on the FACT-G analysis (p<0.05 between baseline and 3 months, respectively).

    Conclusions

    Oral administration of GAC 5g per day for 6 months showed a decrease in DNA damage of blood lymphocytes and in the total serum cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic patients without any significant influences on the serum biochemical parameters of the metastatic prostate cancer patients. Further studies on the role of GAC are necessary to clarify the advantage of GAC supplementation in prostate cancer patients with androgen suppression.

    Keywords
    Prostate cancer; Genistein combined polysaccharide; Active hexose correlated compound; GAC

    Figures

    Fig. 1
    Changes in the concentration of the total cholesterol in the serum of the GAC supplement patients with hypercholesterolemia. *p<0.02 for comparing the initial mean and the 3 months' mean by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

    Tables

    Table 1
    General characteristics of the subjects at baseline

    Table 2
    Changes in the intake and urinary excretion of isoflavones in the placebo group and the genistein combined polysaccharide (GCP) and active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) mixture/GAC supplement group at baseline, 3 months and 6 months

    Table 3
    Changes in the blood and serum biochemical characteristics

    Table 4
    Lymphocyte DNA damage using comet assay in the placebo group and the GAC supplement group

    Table 5
    Changes of the pain score in the placebo group and the GAC supplement group

    Table 6
    Changes of the FACT-G subscale and the overall scores

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    MeSH Terms
    Administration, Oral
    Cholesterol
    Comet Assay
    DNA Damage
    Genistein
    Humans
    Lymphocytes
    Prostate*
    Prostatic Neoplasms*
    Quality of Life*
    Surveys and Questionnaires
    Metrics
    Share
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