Ponticelli regimen and nephrotic syndrome

Sir, 
 
We read the article of Das et al.[1] with interest; it raised few questions that beg answers. 
 
Both in children and adults with steroid resistant minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulo sclerosis (FSGS), cyclosporine is the preferred choice.[2] Cytotoxic drug (cyclophosphamide) is indicated in frequent relapsing and/ or steroid dependent/toxicity group of MCD pediatric patients. The article was a mixture of frequent relapsers and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). It is possible that the patients who improved with this protocol were only frequent relapsers, not affected with SRNS. Presuming that only cyclophosphamide (cytotoxic drug) is sufficient, addition of high dose of steroid adds to the steroid toxicity. The addition of prednisone to the cytotoxic drug may not improve the efficacy of the regimen, but it allows the patient for high fluid intake to protect against the cystitis. In such a case, the dose of steroid is tapered once remission is achieved.[3] 
 
The authors were not explicit about the use of the terms, ‘frequent relapsers’ and ‘steroid resistant’ in the context of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy. IgA nephropathy is treated when proteinuria >1 g/24 h with preserved renal function with steroid for six months and with progressive renal failure (serum creatinine <2.84 mg/dl), a cytotoxic agent is added. The treatment in the latter group is at least for two years.[4] It is surprising that the lone IgA nephropathy with FR (sic) and renal impairment achieved remission and improvement in renal function at the end of six months. Results in fact did not present clinical and laboratory features of each group of the disease. 
 
With expanding armamentarium to treat nephrotic syndromes, based on it etiology, proteinuria, renal impairment, renal biopsy features and individual merit, the authors surprisingly presented a unifying concept of a common treatment to all nephrotic syndromes, irrespective of its etiology. Is there a message, that the renal biopsy is, now, redundant; treat all with steroids, but if there is no response, use this protocol.[1] 
 
The definition used for ‘renal failure’ in the article was persistent doubling of plasma creatinine over baseline value but the highest serum creatinine, mentioned only in Table 4, was only 1.12 + 0.58 mg/dl. In Table 3, another term ‘renal insufficiency’ was used, but it was not defined in the article.


Ponticelli regimen and nephrotic syndrome
Sir, We read the article of Das et al. [1] with interest; it raised few questions that beg answers.
Both in children and adults with steroid resistant minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulo sclerosis (FSGS), cyclosporine is the preferred choice. [2]Cytotoxic drug (cyclophosphamide) is indicated in frequent relapsing and/ or steroid dependent/toxicity group of MCD pediatric patients.The article was a mixture of frequent relapsers and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).It is possible that the patients who improved with this protocol were only frequent relapsers, not affected with SRNS.
Presuming that only cyclophosphamide (cytotoxic drug) is sufficient, addition of high dose of steroid adds to the steroid toxicity.The addition of prednisone to the cytotoxic drug may not improve the efficacy of the regimen, but it allows the patient for high fluid intake to protect against the cystitis.In such a case, the dose of steroid is tapered once remission is achieved. [3]e authors were not explicit about the use of the terms, 'frequent relapsers' and 'steroid resistant' in the context of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy.IgA nephropathy is treated when proteinuria >1 g/24 h with preserved renal function with steroid for six months and with progressive renal failure (serum creatinine <2.84 mg/dl), a cytotoxic agent is added.The treatment in the latter group is at least for two years. [4]It is surprising that the lone IgA nephropathy with FR (sic) and renal impairment achieved remission and improvement in renal function at the end of six months.Results in fact did not present clinical and laboratory features of each group of the disease.

Kidney transplantation in a patient with HIV disease
Sir, I have read with great interest the article from Bansai et al. [1] I agree that we are now able to offer good alternatives to HIV patients transplanting kidney or liver apart from conservative management.However, I disagree with the antiretroviral regimen.It is well known that new PI´s are preferable than old ones and nevirapine. [2]The only point is that you need to check serum antiretroviral levels at least for several weeks after kidney transplantation in order to achieve a suitable dose and dose interval.For instance, with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), frequently a more prolonged interval of dose and dose lowering is needed.Today, nevirapine is used only in children below 6 months of age, women with CD4 count below 250 cells/ mm 3 and men with less than 400 cells/mm 3 .With higher CD4 count, severe hepatotoxicity has been described.In some cases, hepatic injuries continued to progress despite discontinuation of nevirapine. [3]International guidelines do not recommend the regimen for this patient. [4,5]would like to emphasize that serum levels of antiretroviral drugs may help to achieve the best outcome for kidney transplantation in HIV patients.
syndromes, based on it etiology, proteinuria, renal impairment, renal biopsy features and individual merit, the authors surprisingly presented a unifying concept of a common treatment to all nephrotic syndromes, irrespective of its etiology.Is there a message, that the renal biopsy is, now, redundant; treat all with steroids, but if there is no response, use this protocol. [1]e definition used for 'renal failure' in the article was persistent doubling of plasma creatinine over baseline value but the highest serum creatinine, mentioned only in Table 4, was only 1.12 + 0.58 mg/dl.In Table 3, another term 'renal insufficiency' was used, but it was not defined in the article.
2006 Jul 10]. 5. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents.Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents.Department of Health and Human Services.November 3. Available from http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf.[Last accessed on 2008 Jul 10].