Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2093-758X
    J Korean Acad Nurs. 2008 Jun;38(3):454-464. Korean.
    Published online Jun 30, 2008.
    https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2008.38.3.454
    Copyright © 2008 Korean Society of Nursing Science
    Original Article

    Causal Relationships between School Adjustment of Middle School Students and Related Variables

    Jeongyee Bae
      • Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Inje University, Busan, Korea.
    • Address reprint requests to: Bae, Jeongyee. Department of Nursing, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegeum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan 614-735, Korea. Tel: 82-51-890-6823, Fax: 82-51-896-9840, Email: jibai@inje.ac.kr
    Received March 31, 2008; Accepted May 26, 2008.

    Abstract

    Purpose

    The purpose of this study was to identify the causal relationship of familial factors (parental acceptance, autonomy, and family satisfaction), social support (teacher's support and friend's support), school achievement, self-concept, and school adjustment. Based on preceding research, this study established a path model of school adjustment and its related variables.

    Methods

    Two thousand six hundred and twenty nine middle school students participated in this study. Data were collected by a visit-survey with an organized questionnaire and was analyzed by the SPSS and AMOS programs.

    Results

    Self-concept showed a significantly direct influence to school adjustment while both family satisfaction and school achievement directly and indirectly influenced school adjustment. Parental acceptance, autonomy, and social support indirectly influenced school adjustment.

    Conclusion

    These results imply that first, family satisfaction and self-concept are essential to solve the problems of school adjustment. Especially friend's support, teacher's support and school achievement should help improve the self-concept and school adjustment. Second, a variety of programs are available for schools to employ in an effort to provide interventions for students who demonstrate school maladjustment. Finally, it is necessary for family, school and society members to comprehensively cooperate to improve school adjustment.

    Keywords
    Adolescent; Adjustment; Self concept; Social support; Family

    Figures

    Figure 1
    Testing for hypothetical model.

    Figure 2
    Testing for modified model.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Degree of School Adjustment according to Characteristics of Adolescents (N=2,629)

    Table 2
    Correlation among Parental Acceptance, Autonomy, Family Satisfaction, Friend's Support, Teacher's Support, School Achievement, Self Concept and School Adjustment (N=2,629)

    Table 3
    Model Fitness Index for Hypothetical and Modified Model (N=2,629)

    Table 4
    Direct Effect, Indirect Effect, and Total Effect in Modified Path Model

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    MeSH Terms
    Achievement*
    Adolescent Psychology*
    Social Adjustment*
    Adaptation, Psychological
    Adolescent
    Female
    Humans
    Male
    Models, Educational
    Parent-Child Relations
    Peer Group
    Personal Satisfaction
    Schools
    Self Concept
    Metrics
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