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A comparison of three methods to estimate species richness of saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) in logs and high stumps of Norway spruce

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Lars-Ove Wikars ,
Erik Sahlin  and
Thomas Ranius
Lars-Ove Wikars*
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entomology, P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Erik Sahlin
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entomology, P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Thomas Ranius
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entomology, P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: Lars.Wikars@entom.slu.se).
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Abstract

The amount of dead wood in forests has decreased owing to modern forest practices, and many species associated with this habitat are currently threatened. In Sweden during the last decade, naturally downed logs have been retained and, at clearcuts, high stumps have been artificially created to maintain saproxylic (dead wood dependent) insects. We tested how much these types of dead wood are used by sampling saproxylic beetles in dead wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.; Pinaceae) in managed forests in central Sweden. To analyse how surveys should be conducted in these kinds of studies, we compared three methods over an entire growing season. We found that the relationship between the type of dead wood and species richness was statistically significant when we used bark sieving and emergence traps, but not when we used window traps. It is impossible to ascertain whether beetles collected with window traps are related to the type of dead wood on which they are found and, therefore, such traps are less useful in studies of specific substrates. The yield from sieving was highest in spring and autumn, whereas species richness in window trap samples peaked in June and July and that in emergence traps peaked from May to July. With emergence traps we collected, on average, about twice the number of species over the whole season as we did by sieving on a single occasion in the spring. Both emergence trapping and sieving reveal what is present in individual pieces of dead wood, but these methods sample partly different faunas. We found fewer species on artificially created high stumps (on clearcuts); however, these stumps seem to be useful for some red-listed species.

Résumé

La quantité de bois mort dans les forêts a diminué à cause des pratiques forestières modernes et plusieurs espèces associées à cet habitat se trouvent actuellement menacées. En Suède au cours de la dernière décennie, les troncs tombés naturellement sont laissés sur place et de hautes souches sont créées artificiellement lors des coupes à blanc afin de préserver les insectes saproxyliques (dépendants du bois mort). Nous avons évalué dans quelle mesure ces types de bois mort sont utilisés en échantillonnant les coléoptères saproxyliques dans le bois mort de l'épinette de Norvège (Picea abies (L.) Karst.; Pinaceae) dans des forêts aménagées du centre de la Suède. La comparaison de trois méthodes d'inventaire sur une saison entière de croissance nous a permis de déterminer comment procéder dans ce genre d'étude. La relation entre le type de bois et la richesse en espèces est statistiquement significative lorsque nous utilisons les méthodes de tamisage des écorces ou du piège à émergence, mais non celle du piège d'interception vitré. Il n'est pas possible de déterminer si les coléoptères capturés dans les pièges d'interception sont reliés au type de bois mort sur lequel ils sont trouvés; ces pièges sont donc moins utiles pour l'étude de substrats spécifiques. Le rendement du tamisage est maximal au printemps et à l'automne, alors que la richesse en espèces dans les échantillons atteint son sommet en juin et en juillet dans les pièges d'interception et en mai à juillet dans les pièges à émergence. Nous récoltons en moyenne dans les pièges à émergence au cours de toute la saison environ le double des espèces récoltées dans une seule séance de tamisage au printemps. Les pièges à émergence et le tamisage révèlent les espèces présentes dans les pièces individuelles de bois mort, mais ils échantillonnent des faunes partiellement différentes. Il y a moins d'espèces sur les hautes souches créées artificiellement sur les sites de coupe à blanc, qui semblent, néanmoins, importantes pour quelques espèces de la liste rouge.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 137 , Issue 3 , June 2005 , pp. 304 - 324
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2005

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