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A WILD BRASSICA FROM SICILY PROVIDES TRICHOME-BASED RESISTANCE AGAINST FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

P. Palaniswamy  and
R.P. Bodnaryk
P. Palaniswamy
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
R.P. Bodnaryk
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
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Abstract

The leaf trichome densities of upper and lower surfaces of wild, Mediterranean Brassica spp. were determined using light and electron microscopic techniques. Two groups of plant species, one with a density of 2171–5312 trichomes per cm2 and the other with 0–30 trichomes per cm2, were tested in the laboratory for resistance against flea beetle feeding. The extent of feeding was determined in choice tests using leaf discs or detached whole leaves and in no-choice tests using clip-on cages on intact plants. Of the seven species tested, only two, B. villosa Biv. and B. villosa Biv. subsp. drepanensis which had a trichome density of > 2172 per cm2, were found to be highly resistant to flea beetle feeding. All other species had a trichome density of < 30 per cm2 and all suffered significant damage from flea beetle feeding. Behavioural observations indicated that a high density of trichomes on undamaged B. villosa leaves acted as a physical barrier to flea beetle feeding by preventing the flea beetles from firmly settling on the leaf surface to initiate feeding. Flea beetles readily initiated feeding on areas of B. villosa leaves where trichomes were inadvertently damaged suggesting that this plant did not contain significant concentrations of feeding deterrents. Electroantennogram (EAG) studies also indicated that B. villosa leaves are as stimulating to flea beetles as other Brassica species tested. Behavioural observations, feeding tests, and EAG studies indicated that trichomes, not other factors such as chemical repellents or feeding deterrents, are responsible for the resistance in B. villosa plants to flea beetle feeding.

Résumé

La densité des trichomes sur les surfaces supérieure et inférieure des feuilles a été déterminée au moyen de techniques de microscopie photonique et de microscopie électronique chez des espèces méditerranéennes sauvages de Brassica. La résistance aux altises a été évaluée chez deux groupes d’espèces, l’un dont la densité des trichomes se situait entre 2171 et 5312 par cm2 et l’autre dont la densité des tichomes allait de 0 à 30 par cm2. Les dommages causés par le broutage des insectes ont été évalués sur des disques découpés à même les feuilles et sur des feuilles entières détachées et ont aussi été mesurés sur des plants entiers recouverts de cages amovibles. Des sept espèces examinées, seulement deux, B. villosa Biv. et B. villosa Biv. sous-esp. drepanensis, dont la densité des trichomes dépasse 2172 par cm2, se sont avérées très résistantes au parasite. Toutes les autres espèces avaient une densité de trichomes inférieure à 30 par cm2 et toutes ont subi des dommages importants conséquemment à l’alimentation des altises. L’observation du comportement des insectes a permis de constater qu’une forte densité de trichomes sur des feuilles intactes de B. villosa sert de barrière physique aux altises en les empêchant de se fixer solidement à la surface des feuilles pour se nourrir. Les altises ont réussi à se nourrir facilement sur les zones des feuilles de B. villosa où les trichomes avaient été endommagés accidentellement, ce qui semble indiquer que cette plante ne comporte pas des concentrations importantes d’inhibiteurs de l’alimentation. Des électroantennogrammes (EAG) ont également démontré que les feuilles de B. villosa sont aussi stimulantes chimiquement que les autres espèces de Brassica. L’ensemble de ces données, observations du comportement, tests alimentaires et électroantennogrammes, démontre que ce sont les trichomes, et non d’autres facteurs tels que les inhibiteurs chimiques ou les inhibiteurs alimentaires, qui sont responsables de la résistance de B. villosa à l’Altise des crucifères.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 126 , Issue 5 , October 1994 , pp. 1119 - 1130
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1994

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