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The distribution, zoogeography, and composition of Prince Edward Island Carabidae (Coleoptera)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Christopher G. Majka ,
Yves Bousquet ,
Christine Noronha  and
Mary E. Smith
Christopher G. Majka*
Affiliation:
Nova Scotia Museum, 1747 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3A6
Yves Bousquet
Affiliation:
Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
Christine Noronha
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4N6
Mary E. Smith
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4N6
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca).
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Abstract

Fourteen species of Carabidae are added to Prince Edward Island’s (P.E.I.) faunal list, bringing the known fauna to 167 species. Bembidion nitidum (Kirby) and Bembidion obtusum Audinet-Serville are newly recorded for the Maritime Provinces. Six species are removed from P.E.I.’s faunal list. The history of collecting of Carabidae on P.E.I. is briefly recounted. Despite differences in land area and distance from the mainland between P.E.I., Cape Breton Island, and insular Newfoundland, their carabid faunas exhibit many similarities in size and composition. The native carabid fauna of P.E.I. comprises 49% of the species in the combined Maritime Provinces fauna, perhaps reflecting an island-related diminution of species diversity. The proportion of flightless species on P.E.I. (4.9%) is less than that in the Maritime Provinces as a whole (7.1%), an apparent indication that the Northumberland Strait has been a barrier to colonization. Twenty-seven introduced species are found on P.E.I., 26 of which can be classified as synanthropic and may have originated in dry-ballast quarries in southwestern England. Although the earliest dates of detection of many introduced species on P.E.I. are substantially later than elsewhere in the Maritimes, this reflects the paucity of early collecting. Land-management practices on P.E.I. (large-scale and early forest clearances, intensive agriculture, and the extensive use of biocides) may have had an impact on P.E.I.’s carabid fauna.

Résumé

On dénote 14 nouvelles mentions de Carabidae (Coleoptera) pour l’Ile du Prince Édouard, ce qui porte à 167 le nombre d’espèces connues pour la province. Deux de ces espèces, Bembidion nitidum (Kirby) et Bembidion obtusum Audinet-Serville, sont aussi des premières mentions pour les Maritimes. Six espèces sont enlevées de la liste faunistique de Î.-P.-É. On discute brièvement de l’historique des récoltes de Carabidae sur l’île. Malgré des différences notoires de superficie et d’éloignement avec le continent, la taille et les caractéristiques de la faune carabidologique de l’Ile du Prince Édouard, du Cap-Breton et de l’île de Terre-Neuve montrent des similitudes évidentes. La faune carabidologique indigène de l’Ile du Prince Édouard représente 49 % de la faune des Maritimes dans son ensemble. La proportion d’espèces incapables de vol sur l’Ile du Prince Édouard (4.9 %) est plus faible que celle des Maritimes (7.1 %) ce qui suggère que le détroit de Northumberland a pu être un obstacle à la colonisation de l’île. On dénote 27 espèces introduites sur l’île et 26 sont synanthropes et ont pu atteindre l’île en provenance du sud-ouest de l’Angleterre via le lest de navires. Le fait que plusieurs espèces introduites aient été détectées sur l’île plus tard qu’ailleurs dans les Maritimes pourrait être le reflet du nombre peu élevé de récoltes faites au 19ième siècle et au début du 20ième siècle. Les pratiques de gestion des terres (déforestation hâtive et à grande échelle, exploitation agricole intensive, et utilisation intense d’insecticides) ont pu avoir un impact sur la faune des Carabidae de l’île.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 140 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 128 - 141
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2008

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