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MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BARK WEEVILS IN THE PISSODES STROBI SPECIES GROUP IN WESTERN CANADA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

David W. Langor  and
Felix A.H. Sperling
David W. Langor*
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320-122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
Felix A.H. Sperling
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
*
1 Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

Morphological, allozyme, and chromosomal characters and ecological traits have limited value for discriminating among four closely related Pissodes spp. known from western Canada. We amplified a 1585-bp segment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including half of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and all of the tRNA leucine and COII genes, using the polymerase chain reaction, and studied mtDNA variation within and among all four species of Pissodes with restriction enzymes. Twenty-four haplotypes were found among the 121 maternal lineages surveyed. Haplotype distributions suggest intermediate levels of gene flow for each species. Interspecific estimated sequence divergences ranged from 0 to 28.7%. Phylogenetic relationships among species were reconstructed using P. affinis Randall as an outgroup. Pissodes terminalis Hopping and P. nemorensis Germar were the most closely related species, and this clade was most closely related to P. strobi (Peck); P. schwarzi Hopkins branched off below these three. Restriction site variation is sufficient to discriminate unambiguously among most species. However, P. terminalis and P. nemorensis haplotypes were very similar, which may complicate discrimination between these two species, using mtDNA characters, where their ranges putatively overlap in Manitoba. A diagnostic protocol using three restriction enzymes, Bcl I, Dra I, and Hinf I, is recommended.

Résumé

Les allozymes, les caractères morphologiques et chromosomiques ou encore les propriétés écologiques ne permettent pas de distinguer les quatre espèces très apparentées de Pissodes spp. de l’ouest du Canada. Nous avons amplifié un segment de 1585 paires de base d’ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt), incluant la moitié des gènes codant pour la cytochrome oxydase I (COI) de même que tous les gènes codant pour l’ARNt-leucine et pour la cytochrome oxydase II, au moyen de la réaction en chaîne par la polymerase, et avons par la suite étudié la variation de l’ADNmt au sein de chacune des espèces et entre les quatre espèces de Pissodes au moyen d’enzymes de restriction. Vingt-quatre haplotypes ont été trouvés parmi les 121 lignées maternelles étudiées. La répartition des haplotypes a permis de constater qu’il se fait un transfert de gènes d’intensité moyenne chez chacune des espèces. Les divergences interspécifiques entre les séquences ont été évaluées entre 0 et 28,7%. Les relations phylogénétiques entre les espèces ont été reconstituées en utilisant P. affinis Randall comme groupe externe. Pissodes terminalis Hopping et P. nemorensis Germar sont les deux espèces les plus apparentées et ce clade s’apparente surtout à P. strobi (Peck); P. schwarzi Hopkins est apparu avant les trois autres espèces. La variation des sites de restriction permet de faire une discrimination non équivoque entre la plupart des espèces. Cependant, les haplotypes de P. terminalis et de P. nemorensis sont très semblables, ce qui peut créer de la confusion entre les deux espèces lorsqu’elles sont identifiées par l’ADNmt aux endroits où elles semblent cohabiter au Manitoba. Un protocole diagnostique basé sur trois enzymes de restriction, Bel I, Dra I et Hinf I est proposé.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 6 , December 1995 , pp. 895 - 911
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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