Analyzing the Effect of Temperature on Alloy Steel Forging Simulation Using Finite Element Simulation

Article Preview

Abstract:

The goal of this research is to examine the influence of temperature affects the forging of a rectangular billet of AISI 4120 alloy steel using the 3D Deform version 11 software. The simulation was performed with 0.3 coefficient of friction on a metal forming (lubricated) process and the part is intended for application in aerospace and oil and gas industries. Three modules of deform software were defined to execute the simulation: pre-processing, simulation, and post-processing. The pre-processing in forging employed standard data— material selection, billet drawing, top and bottom dies design, meshing and simulation control. After 120 steps, the post-process estimation of deformation temperature, effective strain and stress, total velocity, and total displacement were obtained on the billet of material at temperatures of 800o C, 1000o C, and 1200° C. The results show that when forging temperatures climb, effective strain and stress decrease, total displacement and velocity decrease, and the final temperature increases.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Pages:

81-92

Citation:

Online since:

April 2024

Export:

Price:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] B.V. Kiefer and K.N. Shah, "Three-dimensional simulation of open-die press forging," J. Eng. Mater. Technol. Trans. ASME, vol. 112, no. 4, p.477–485, 1990.

DOI: 10.1115/1.2903360

Google Scholar

[2] Y. Zhang, J. Huang, X. Lin, and Q. Fang, "Numerical simulation analysis on cold closed-die forging of differential satellite gear in car," Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 575-578 PART 1, p.517–524, 2008.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.517

Google Scholar

[3] F. J. Olivares, A. M. Camacho, and M. A. Sebastián, "Analysis comparative of different simulation techniques by the finite element method in the study of an open die forging process," AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1431, no. August 2015, p.668–675, 2012.

DOI: 10.1063/1.4707622

Google Scholar

[4] I. Poláková, M. Duchek, and L. Malencek, "FEM simulation of open die forging of a plate from material NIMONIC 80A in DEFORM 3D," Arch. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 66, no. 1, p.31–36, 2014.

Google Scholar

[5] Y. Cheng, X. Yang, Q. Lu, C. V. S. Lim, and A. Huang, "Sensitivity analysis of process parameters for developing an improved open die forging process," Key Eng. Mater., vol. 622–623, p.231–238, 2014.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.622-623.231

Google Scholar

[6] I. L. Konstantinov, I. Y. Gubanov, I. O. Astrashabov, S. B. Sidel'nikov, and N. A. Belan, "Simulation of die forging of an AK6 aluminum alloy forged piece," Russ. J. Non-Ferrous Met., vol. 56, no. 2, p.177–180, 2015.

DOI: 10.3103/S1067821215020108

Google Scholar

[7] V. . Kukhar, V.V., Nikolenko, R.S. and Burko, "Analysis of die-forging variants of geometrically complex forgings in Deform 3D package," Metall. Min. Ind., vol. 1, no. 1, p.18–24, 2016, [Online]. Available: internal-pdf://90.53.138.100/4_Kukhar.pdf

Google Scholar

[8] Z. Li, B. Wang, W. Ma, and L. Yang, "Comparison of ironing finishing and compressing finishing as post-forging for net-shape manufacturing," Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 86, no. 9–12, p.3333–3343, 2016.

DOI: 10.1007/s00170-016-8424-8

Google Scholar

[9] D. J. Politis, N. J. Politis, J. Lin, and T. A. Dean, "A review of force reduction methods in precision forging axisymmetric shapes," Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 97, no. 5–8, p.2809–2833, 2018.

DOI: 10.1007/s00170-018-2151-2

Google Scholar

[10] P. Shi, X. Xia, J. Zhou, and P. Xiao, "Simulation Analysis of Forging Process of Automobile Aluminum Alloy Swing Arm," IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 562, no. 1, 2019.

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/562/1/012139

Google Scholar

[11] S. Joshy, A. Anil, V. M. Akshay, A. M. Chandy, and B. Nair, "Influence of Die Temperature on Die Stress Analysis Using Deform 3D," Int. J. Mechatronics Manuf. Technol., vol. 5, no. 1, p.14–30, 2020.

Google Scholar

[12] J. O. Obiko, F. M. Mwema, and H. Shangwira, "Forging optimisation process using numerical simulation and Taguchi method," SN Appl. Sci., vol. 2, no. 4, p.1–9, 2020.

DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2547-0

Google Scholar

[13] Š. Hajdu, "Numerical simulation of forging process in deform 3d," Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 994, p.256–264, 2020.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.256

Google Scholar

[14] H. C. Ji, Y. M. Li, W. D. Li, S. H. Xiao, J. S. Zhang, and Y. H. Lu, "Study on forging process of valve based on response surface method," Metalurgija, vol. 59, no. 3, p.321–324, 2020.

Google Scholar

[15] V. Kukhar et al., "The selection of options for closed-die forging of complex parts using computer simulation by the criteria of material savings and minimum forging force," Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput., vol. 989, p.325–331, 2020.

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8618-3_35

Google Scholar

[16] S. Jana, J. Mukhopadhyay, R. Rao, and V. Meka, Open Die Forging Simulation of Superalloy NIMONIC 115 Using DEFORM 3D Software, In TMS 202. Springer International Publishing, 2021.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_74

Google Scholar

[17] Y. qiang Wu and K. kun Wang, "The ultra-high temperature forging process based on DEFORM-3D simulation," Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf., vol. 16, no. 1, p.99–108, 2022.

DOI: 10.1007/s12008-021-00811-y

Google Scholar

[18] Z. J. Zhang, G. Z. Dai, S. N. Wu, L. X. Dong, and L. L. Liu, "Simulation of 42CrMo steel billet upsetting and its defects analyses during forming process based on the software DEFORM-3D," Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 499, no. 1–2, p.49–52, 2009.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.135

Google Scholar

[19] X. Hua, G. Xiao-long, and J. Cheng-cheng, "Numerical Simulation of Blank-making Roll Forging Process for Heavy Automotive Front Axle," no. Mems, p.481–484, 2012.

DOI: 10.2991/mems.2012.86

Google Scholar

[20] A. L. I. Moraes and O. Balancin, "Numerical simulation of hot closed die forging of a low carbon steel coupled with microstructure evolution," Mater. Res., vol. 18, no. 1, p.92–97, 2015.

DOI: 10.1590/1516-1439.273114

Google Scholar

[21] J. O. Obiko, F. M. Mwema, and M. O. Bodunrin, "Finite element simulation of X20CrMoV121 steel billet forging process using the Deform 3D software," SN Appl. Sci., vol. 1, no. 9, p.1–10, 2019.

DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1087-y

Google Scholar

[22] J. Obiko, F. Mwema, and E. T. Akinlabi, "Strain rate-strain/stress relationship during isothermal forging: A deform-3D FEM," Eng. Solid Mech., vol. 8, no. 1, p.1–6, 2020.

DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2019.9.003

Google Scholar

[23] K. V. D. Rajesh and T. Buddi, "Finite element analysis of chromium and nickel alloyed steel billets forged under warm forming process using Deform-3D," Adv. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 8, no. sup3, p.1386–1394, 2022.

DOI: 10.1080/2374068X.2021.1945269

Google Scholar

[24] K. V. D. Rajesh, T. Buddi, and H. Mishra, "Finite Element Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V Billet on open die forging process under different temperatures using DEFORM-3D," Adv. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 8, no. 2, p.1963–1972, 2022.

DOI: 10.1080/2374068X.2021.1878708

Google Scholar

[25] A. Jayanthi, M. Anilkumar, and B. Ravisankar, "Study on multi stage forging process with combination of different strain rate and temperature region in IMI685 aero engine compressor disc forging," Mater. Today Proc., vol. 60, p.1973–1980, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.208

Google Scholar

[26] B. Deepanraj, N. Senthilkumar, G. Hariharan, T. Tamizharasan, and T. Tefera Bezabih, "Numerical Modelling, Simulation, and Analysis of the End-Milling Process Using DEFORM-3D with Experimental Validation," Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 2022, 2022.

DOI: 10.1155/2022/5692298

Google Scholar

[27] M. R. Rahul, S. Samal, S. Venugopal, and G. Phanikumar, "Experimental and finite element simulation studies on hot deformation behaviour of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy," J. Alloys Compd., vol. 749, p.1115–1127, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.262

Google Scholar

[28] S. Fluhrer, "DEFORM 2D v10.2 system manual," Notes (Manual), no. 614, p.1–288, 2011.

Google Scholar

[29] S. Deb, M. B. Abhilash, R. J. Immanuel, and S. K. Panigrahi, "Improved structural uniformity and specific strength of commercially pure aluminum through variable temperature multi axial forging: Finite element analysis and experimental study," Int. J. Light. Mater. Manuf., vol. 6, no. 3, p.434–449, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2023.02.001

Google Scholar

[30] R. W. Evans and P. J. Scharning, "Axisymmetric compression test and hot working properties of alloys," Mater. Sci. Technol., vol. 17, no. 8, p.995–1004, 2001.

DOI: 10.1179/026708301101510843

Google Scholar

[31] Y. P. Li, E. Onodera, H. Matsumoto, and A. Chiba, "Correcting the stress-strain curve in hot compression process to high strain level," Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., vol. 40, no. 4, p.982–990, 2009.

DOI: 10.1007/s11661-009-9783-7

Google Scholar