Paper Titles

Effect of Pd Addition on the Nanostructure and Properties of Pd/TiO₂ Catalysts for the Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol
p.9

Influence of Mg Concentration on Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Epitaxial-Grown Mg-Doped C₆₀ Thin Films
p.21

Acute Administration of Chitosan Nanoparticles Increases Ca²⁺ Leak in Rat Cardiomyocytes
p.29

Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Defective Nitrogen-Doped Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulating Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles
p.39

Chemical Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and its Effects on Electrical Conductivity
p.51

Electrochromic Properties of Nanoporous α and β Nickel Hydroxide Thin Films Obtained by Chemical Bath Deposition
p.63

Effect of the Particle Size on the Microwave Absorption in the Yttrium-Iron Garnet
p.73

Photonic Bloch Oscillations and Zener Tunneling in Dual-Periodical Multilayers Made of Porous Silicon: Effect of Angle of Incidence
p.83

Synthesis and Characterization of SnS Nanoparticles through a Non-Aqueous Chemical Route for Depositing Photovoltaic Absorber Layers
p.91

HomeJournal of Nano ResearchJournal of Nano Research Vol. 28Chemical Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and...

Chemical Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and its Effects on Electrical Conductivity

Article Preview

Abstract:

This work presents the study of the electrical conductivity in MWNT as a function of three different chemical functionalization conditions. Unmodified and chemically modified MWNT were characterized by microRaman spectroscopy, XPS and SEM whereas the electrical conductivity was determined by dust compression technique. MWNT were modified using three different oxidation conditions: (1) a mix of concentrated acids, H₂SO₄/HNO₃ (3:1, v/v) sonicated for 2 h; (2) same mixture as (1) but using mechanical stirring for 6 h and (3) a reflux of an aqueous solution of HNO₃ (20%, v/v) and mechanical stirring for 6 h. The characterization evidenced different functionalization degrees, based on the formation and detection of functional groups such as ether, carbonyl and carboxyl in different percentages. The unmodified CNT presented a conductivity of 510 S/m which decreased as the functionalization degree increased. For reactions (1) and (2) such conductivity was reduced by 8.8 and 15.5%, respectively, whereas for condition (3) it only decreased 0.98%.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Journal of Nano Research Vol. 28

Info:

Periodical:

Journal of Nano Research (Volume 28)

Pages:

51-61

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.28.51

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

June 2014

Authors:

José Encarnación Moreno Marcelino, Enrique Vigueras Santiago, Gustavo Lopez-Tellez, Susana Hernández López*

Keywords:

Electrical Conductivity, Functionalization, MWNT, Powder

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions:

Request Permissions

* - Corresponding Author

[1] M. Meyyappan, editor, Carbon nanotubes: Science and Applications, CRC Press, 2005.

[2] J. Liu, A.G. Rinzler, H. Dai, J.H. Hafner, R.K. Bradley, P.J. Boul, A. Lu, T. Iverson, K. Shelimov, C.B. Huffman, F. Rodriguez-Macias, Y.S. Shon, T.R. Lee, D.T. Colbert, R.E. Smalley, Fullerene pipes, Science 280 (1998) 1253-1256.

DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5367.1253

[3] Y. J. Kim, T. S. Shin, H. D. Choi, J. H. Kwon, Y. C. Chung, H. G. Yoon, Electrical conductivity of chemically modified multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites, Carbon 43 (2005) 23-30.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.08.015

[4] W. K. Park, J. H. Kim, S. S. Lee, J. Kim, G. W. Lee, M. Park, Effect of carbon nanotube pre-treatment on dispersion and electrical properties of melt mixed multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites, Macromolecular Research 13 (2005) 206-211.

DOI: 10.1007/bf03219053

[5] H. Park, J. Zhao, J. P. Lu, Effects of sidewall functionalization on conducting properties of single wall carbon nanotubes, Nano Letters 6 (2006) 916-919.

DOI: 10.1021/nl052488d

[6] C. H. Lau, R. Cervini, S. R. Clarke, M.G. Markovic, J.G. Matisons, S.C. Hawkins, C.P. Huynh, G. P. Simon, The effect of functionalization on structure and electrical conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Nanopart. Res. 10 (2008) 77-88.

DOI: 10.1007/s11051-008-9376-1

[7] J. Zhang, H. Zou, Q. Quing, Y. Yang, Q. Li, Z. Liu, X. Guo, Z. Du, Effect of chemical oxidation on the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. 107 (2003) 3712-3718.

DOI: 10.1021/jp027500u

[8] K. Jiang, A. Eitan, L.S. Schadler, P.M. Ajayan, R.W. Siegel, Selective attachment of gold nanoparticles to nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, Nano Letters 3 (2003) 275-277.

DOI: 10.1021/nl025914t

[9] Y. Xing, L. Li, C.C. Chusuei, R.V. Hull, Sonochemical oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Langmuir 21 (2005) 4185-4190.

DOI: 10.1021/la047268e

[10] A. Eitan, K. Jiang, D. Dukes, R. Andrews, L.S. Schadler, Surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: toward the tailoring of the interface in polymer composites, Chem. Mater. 15 (2003) 3198-3202.

DOI: 10.1021/cm020975d

[11] L. Stobinski, B. Lesiak, L. Kover, J. Tóth, S. Biniak, G. Trykowski, J. Judek, Multiwalled carbon nanotubes purification and oxidation by nitric acid studied by the FTIR and electron spectroscopy methods, Journal of alloys and compounds 501 (2010) 77-84.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.04.032

[12] Y. Lin, A. M. Rao, B. Sadanadan, E. A. Kenik, Y. P. Sun, Functionalized multiple-walled carbon nanotubes with aminopolymers, J. Phys. Chem. B. 106 (2002) 1294-1298.

DOI: 10.1021/jp013501v

[13] D. E. Hill, Y. Lin, A. M. Rao, L. F. Allard, Y. P. Sun, Functionalization of carbon nanotubes with polystyrene, Macromolecules 35 (2002) 9466-9471.

DOI: 10.1021/ma020855r

[14] H. Kong, C. Gao, D. Yan, Controlled functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by in situ atom transfer radical polymerization, JACS 126 (2004) 412-413.

DOI: 10.1021/ja0380493

[15] A.L. Bezanilla, F. Triozon, S. Latil, X. Blase, S. Roche, Effect of the chemical functionalization on charge transport in carbon nanotubes at the mesoscopic scale, Nano Letters 9 (2009) 940-944.

DOI: 10.1021/nl802798q

[16] Y-S. Lee, N. Marzani, Cycloaddition functionalizations to preserve or control the conductance of carbon nanotubes, Physical Review Letters 97 (2006) 116801 (4pp).

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.116801

[17] D. Bouilly, J. Cabana, R. Martel, Unaltered electrical conductance in single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with divalent adducts, Applied Physics Letters 101 (2012) 053116 (4pp).

DOI: 10.1063/1.4739495

[18] B. Marinho, M. Ghislandi, E. Tkalya, C.E. Koning, G. de With, Electrical conductivity of compacts of graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon black and graphite powder, Powder Technology 221 (2012) 351-358.

DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.01.024

[19] A. Celzard, J.F. Mareche, F. Payot, G. Furdin, Electrical conductivity of carbonaceous powder, Carbon 40 (2002) 2801-2815.

DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6223(02)00196-3

[20] Y. P. Mamunya, H. Zois, L. Apekis, E. V. Lebedev, Influence of pressure on the electrical conductivity of metal powders used as fillers in polymer composites, Powder Technology 140 (2004) 49.

DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.11.010

[21] S. Hernández López, E. Vigueras Santiago, Acrylated-Epoxidized Soybean Oil-Based Polymers and Their Use in the Generation of Electrically Conductive Polymer Composites, in: Hany A. El-Shemy (Ed.), Soybean - Bio-Active Compounds, InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2013, pp.251-252.

DOI: 10.5772/52992

[22] M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, A. Jorio, A. G. Souza, R. Saito, Raman spectroscopy on isolated single wall carbon nanotubes, Carbon 40 (2002) 2043-2061.

DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6223(02)00066-0

[23] O. Frank, G. Tsoukleri, I. Riaz, K. Papagelis, J. Parthenios, A. C. Ferrari, A. K. Geim, K. S. Novoselov, C. Galiotis, Development of a universal stress sensor for graphene and carbon fibers, Nature Communications 2 (2011) 1-7.

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1247

[24] F.H. Gojny, M.H.G. Wichmann, B. Fiedler, I.A. Kinloch, W. Bauhofer, A.H. Windle, K. Schulte, Evaluation and identification of electrical and thermal conduction mechanism in carbon nanotube/epoxy composites, Polymer 47 (2006) 2036-2045.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.029

[25] K. Yang, M. Gu, Y. Guo, X. Pan, G. Mu, Effects of carbon nanotube functionalization on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites, Carbon 47 (2009) 1723-1737.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.02.029

[26] W. Xia, T. Wang, R. Bergstraßer, S. Kundu, M. Muhler, Surface characterization of oxygen-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption, Applied surface science 254 (2007) 247-250.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.07.120

[27] V. Datsyuk, M. Kalyva, K. Papagelis, J. Parthenios, D. Tasis, A. Siokou, I. Kallitsis, C. Galiotis, Chemical oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Carbon 46 (2008) 833-840.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.02.012

[28] G. Zhang, S. Sun, D. Yang, J.P. Dodelet, E. Sacher, The surface analytical characterization of carbon fibers functionalized by H2SO4/HNO3 treatment, Carbon 46 (2008) 196-205.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.11.002

[29] Y. C. Chiang, W. H. Lin, Y. C. Chang, The influence of treatment duration on multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized by H2SO4/HNO3 oxidation, Applied Surface Science 257 (2011) 2401-2410.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.110

[30] S. Niyogi, M.A. Hamon, H. Hu, B. Zhao, P. Bhowmik, R. Sen, M.E. Itkis, R.C. Haddon, Chemistry of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Acc. Chem. Res. 53 (2002) 1105-1113.

DOI: 10.1021/ar010155r

[31] T. I. T. Okpalugo, P. Papakonstantinou, H. Murphy, J. McLaughlin, N. M. D. Brown, High resolution XPS characterization of chemical functionalised MWCNTs and SWCNTs, Carbon 43 (2005) 153-161.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.08.033

[32] M.C. Palma, Effect of HNO3 and NH3 treatment on the catalytic oxidation of carbon catalyzed by Cu, Mo and their mixture at the eutectic composition, Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37 (1996) 421-421.

DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6701(97)83328-0