Paper Titles

Seventy-Five Years of Superplastic Research: An Overall Perspective for the Superplasticity Conferences
p.3

Forty Years since the Invention of SUPRAL Alloys and Look where we Are now
p.11

Superplastic Prosthetic Forming - In Vitro Response
p.31

Superplastic Forming – Cost Effective
p.41

Elevated Temperature Fabrication of Titanium Aerospace Components
p.49

Manufacturing of Titanium Spherical and Hollow Cylinder Vessel Using Blow Forming
p.57

From Indirect to Direct Heating of Materials Using Lasers – A New Beginning for Superplastic Forming
p.63

HomeKey Engineering MaterialsKey Engineering Materials Vol. 433Forty Years since the Invention of SUPRAL Alloys...

Forty Years since the Invention of SUPRAL Alloys and Look where we Are now

Article Preview

Abstract:

Prior to 1969 the pioneering work carried out by Backofen and Fields in the USA and Johnson and Hundy in the UK demonstrated the 'promise' of Superplastic Forming. Using fine grained dual phase alloys, typically of eutectic or eutectoid compositions, they produced some of the very first superplastically formed prototype components. Although not always 'practical', these dual phase alloys were stable when heated and if appropriately processed often proved to be very superplastic. At that time 'dilute' alloys, including the majority of commercial aluminum alloys, having only a small volume fraction of alloying additions, were thought not to be capable of superplastic behavior due to their propensity to grain coarsen when heated. Breakthrough came in 1969 when at the research labs of Tube Investments, Hinxton Hall Nr Cambridge UK; the first 'SUPRAL' type dilute superplastic aluminum alloys were created. This paper describes the events and 'science' that led up to this development and the remarkable technology that has emerged since the authors began their superplasticity careers more than forty years ago. The future direction that this intriguing technology is likely to take is also explored.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Superplasticity in Advanced Materials - ICSAM 2009

Info:

Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 433)

Pages:

11-30

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.433.11

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

March 2010

Authors:

A.J. Barnes, M.J. Stowell, Roger Grimes, D.B. Laycock, B.M. Watts

Keywords:

DC Casting, Innovation, Superplasticity, Zirconium

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions:

Request Permissions

[1] E.E. Underwood: J. Met. Vol. 14 (1962), p.914.

[2] M.J. Stowell, J.L. Robertson and B.M. Watts: Met. Sci. Jnl. Vol. 3 (1969), p.41.

[3] B.M. Watts and M.J. Stowell: J. Mat. Sci. Vol. 6 (1971), p.228.

[4] J. Hedworth and M.J. Stowell: J. Mat. Sci. Vol. 6 (1971), p.1061.

[5] E.R. Petty: J. Inst. Met, Vol. 91 (1962), p.274.

[6] W.A. Backofen, G.S. Murty and S.W. Zehr: Trans. Met. Soc. AIME, Vol. 242 (1968), p.329.

[7] T. Araki and S. Komori: Trans. Nat. Res. Inst. Met. (Japan), Vol. 8 (1966), p.12.

[8] N. Ryum: Acta Metall. Vol. 17 (1969), p.269.

[9] O. Izumi and D. Oelschlagel: Scr. Metall. Vol. 3 (1969), p.619.

[10] R. Grimes, M.J. Stowell and B.M. Watts: Metals Technol. Vol. 3 (1976), p.154.

[11] B.M. Watts, M.J. Stowell, B.L. Baikie and D.G.E. Owen: Met. Sci. Vol. 10 (1976), p.189.

[12] K.J. Gardner and R. Grimes: Met. Sci. Vol. 13 (1976), p.216.

[13] W.A. Backofen, I.R. Turner and D.H. Avery: ASM Trans, Vol. 57 (1964), p.980.

[14] D.S. Fields Jr. in: The Promise of Superplasticity, IBM document EN200276 (1972).

[15] B.B. Hundy in: Inst. Metall. (London) Rev. Course. Ser, Vol. 2(3) (1969), p.73.

[16] B.M. Watts, E.F. Emley and M.J. Stowell, U.S. Patent 3, 984, 260. (1976).

[17] D.B. Laycock, A.J. Barnes, U.S. Patent 4, 045, 986. (1977).

[18] D.B. Laycock in: Superplastic Forming of Structural Alloys, edited by N.E. Paton and C.H. Hamilton, AIME, NY (1982).

[19] A.J. Barnes: J. Mat. Eng. Perf. Vol. 16 (2007), p.440.

[20] J.A.F. Buchanan: Inst. Mat. Rev. Course. Ser., Vol. 3 (1975), pp.8111-75-T.

[21] M.J. Stowell, B.M. Watts and E.F. Emley, British Patent 1, 387, 586. (1975).

[22] M.J. Stowell, B.M. Watts, E.F. Emley and R. Grimes, British Patent 1, 445, 181 (1976).

[23] R. Grimes, K.J. Gardner, M.J. Stowell and B.M. Watts, British Patent 1, 456, 050. (1976).

[24] M.J. Stowell, B.M. Watts, British Patent 1, 566, 800. (1980).

[25] M.J. Stowell, B.M. Watts, R. Grimes, J. Davenport. British Patent 1, 596, 917. (1981).

[26] R. Grimes, A.J. Cornish and R.G. Butler in: Proceedings of the 7 th International Light Metal Conference, Leoben-Vienna (1981), p.302.

[27] R.J. Dashwood, R. Grimes, A.W. Harrison and H.M. Flower: Mater. Sci. Forum Vol. 357-339 (2001), p.339.

[28] C.C. Bampton, A.K. Ghosh and M. W. Mahoney in: Superplasticiy in Aerospace-Aluminum, edited by R. Pearce and L. Kelly, Cranfield (1985), p.1.

[29] M.A. Kulas, P.E. Krajewski, J. R Bradley and E. M Taleff: Mater. Sci. Forum Vol. 551-552 (2007), p.129.

[30] A.J. Barnes: Mater. Sci. Forum Vol. 357-359 (2001), p.3.

[31] R. Grimes, R.J. Dashwood, H.M. Flower, M. Jackson, S. Katsas and G. Todd: Mater. Sci. Forum Vol. 447-448 (2004), p.213.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.447-448.213

[32] W.W. Park: Materials and Design Vol. 17 (1996), p.85.