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Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes

Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes

Cirus Rinaldi
Copyright: © 2020 |Pages: 24
ISBN13: 9781799812869|ISBN10: 1799812863|ISBN13 Softcover: 9781799812876|EISBN13: 9781799812883
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1286-9.ch007
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MLA

Rinaldi, Cirus. "Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes." Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support, edited by Augusto Balloni and Raffaella Sette, IGI Global, 2020, pp. 100-123. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1286-9.ch007

APA

Rinaldi, C. (2020). Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes. In A. Balloni & R. Sette (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support (pp. 100-123). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1286-9.ch007

Chicago

Rinaldi, Cirus. "Homophobic Conduct as Normative Masculinity Test: Victimization, Male Hierarchies, and Heterosexualizing Violence in Hate Crimes." In Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support, edited by Augusto Balloni and Raffaella Sette, 100-123. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1286-9.ch007

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Abstract

Homophobic violence can be considered as an expressive act. Violent behavior can be considered as anti-homosexual when victims are chosen because they are considered or perceived as homosexual. Following this reasoning, hate crimes as homophobic crimes have a communicative value, since they represent a range of “masculinization” practices within the processes of gender socialization, both in conventional and illegitimate social worlds. Every homophobic act aims to intimidate not just the victim, but the whole group associated with the, whether concretely or merely in the perception of the perpetrator. This chapter will take into account the main research on victimization from an international perspective; it will highlight how both the gender of the perpetrator and the cultural constructions of masculinity(ies), in a heterosexist and hegemonic system, seem to play a fundamental role in producing homophobic and anti-homosexual behaviour.

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