The overall efficacy in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not satisfactory, and the huge gap between basic science and clinical practice is a major bottleneck for the failure of its further improvement. Translational medicine builds an important bridge to connect between HCC basic research and clinical practice from the respects of early diagnosis, drug screening, new intervention strategy making, and compensation for the shortcomings of the recent treatment methods as well as early prediction of recurrence and metastasis.