Abstract
Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a quite promising approach for killing various cancer cells. In this work, we report on photo-functional magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with hematoporphyrin (HP) (Fe3O4@HP) via a simple surface modification process. The microstructure and the magnetic properties of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and the biocompatibility and the photo-killing activity were evaluated using mammalian cells in vitro to confirm the potential of these particles for use as an agent for PDT application. We have demonstrated that the Fe3O4@HP nanoparticles show good biocompatibilities in fibroblast (L-929) and prostate cancer (PC-3) cells and have remarkable photodynamic anticancer activities. Especially, the photo-killing activities for 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml of Fe3O4@HP were found to be above 86% (86.6, 99.2, and 99.4%, respectively) in PC-3 cells, demonstrating significantly high anticancer effects on prostate cancer cells, these effects depend on the concentration of the Fe3O4@HP nanoparticles. These results indicate that our Fe3O4@HP nanoparticles can be useful for PDT, although further studies to evaluate the cell-death mechanisms in vitro and in vivo will be needed to verify the potential for clinical PDT applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L. Huo, W. Li, L. Lu, H. Cui, S. Xi, J. Wang, B. Zhao, Y. Shen and Z. Lu, Chem. Mater. 12, 790 (2000).
A. G. Hu, G. T. Yee and W. B. Lin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 12486 (2005).
T. Sen, A. Sebastianelli and I. J. Bruce, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 7130 (2006).
A. H. Lu, E. L. Salabas and F. Schuth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46, 1222 (2007).
U. Y. Jeong, X. W. Teng, Y. Wang, H. Yang and Y. N. Xia, Adv. Mater. 19, 33 (2007).
S. Laurent, D. Forge, M. Port, A. Roch, C. Robic, L. V. Elst and R. N. Muller, Chem. Rev. 108, 2064 (2008).
S. Xuan, F. Wang, Y. J. Wang, J. C. Yu and K. C. Leung, J. Mater. Chem. 20, 5086 (2010).
G. M. Whitesides, Nat. Biotechnol. 10, 1161 (2003).
S. Lee, J. Xie and X. Chen, Biochemistry 49, 1364 (2010).
M. Mahmoudi, V. Serpooshan and S. Laurent, Nanoscale 3, 3007 (2011).
H. Amiri, M. Mahmoudi and A. Lascialfari, Nanoscale 3, 1022 (2011).
K-H. Choi, K-K. Wang, E. P. Shin, S-L. Oh, J.-S. Jung, H. K. Kim and Y-R. Kim, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 3212 (2011).
K-H. Choi, H-J. Lee, B. J. Park, K-K. Wang, E. P. Shin, J-C. Park, Y. K. Kim, M.-K. Oh and Y-R. Kim, Chem. Commun. 48, 4591 (2012).
K-H. Choi, W-S. Chae, E-M. Kim, J-H. Jun, J-H. Jung, Y-R. Kim and J-S. Jung, IEEE Trans. Magnet. 47, 3369 (2011).
International Standard ISO 10993-5 2009Part 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.
S. Guo, D. Li, L. Zhang, J. Li and E. Wang, Biomaterials 30, 1881 (2009).
A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward, Y. Hao, J. Xu and M. J. Thun, CA Cancer J. Clin. 59, 225 (2009).
Z. Wu, P. C. Chang, J. C. Yang, C. Y. Chu, L. Y. Wang, N. T. Chen, A. H. Ma, S. J. Desai, S. H. Lo, C. P. Evans, K. S. Lam and H. J. Kung, Genes Cancer 1, 40 (2010).
V. Yao, C. E. Berkmen, J. K. Choi, D. S. O’Keefe and D. J. Bacich, Prostate 70, 305 (2010).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choi, KH., Nam, K.C., Kim, HJ. et al. Synthesis and characterization of photo-functional magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@HP) for applications in photodynamic cancer therapy. Journal of the Korean Physical Society 65, 1658–1662 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.65.1658
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.65.1658