A systematic review on the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections following hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery

Lucy E. Chambers; Aali J. Sheen; Kathryn A. Whitehead; Lucy E. Chambers; Aali J. Sheen; Kathryn A. Whitehead

doi:10.3934/bioeng.2022010

AIMS Bioengineering

2022, Volume 9, Issue 2: 123-144. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2022010

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Review

A systematic review on the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections following hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery

1.
Microbiology at Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
2.
Department of Surgery, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK

Received: 13 January 2022 Revised: 31 March 2022 Accepted: 06 April 2022 Published: 20 April 2022

Background
Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the most common hospital acquired infections and result in increased morbidity, mortality and financial burden on health services. The incidence of SSIs are not clearly defined and infection rates as varied as 20%–40% have been reported. The aim of this study was to systematically review the incidence and risk factors of SSI following HPB surgery.
Methods
The database of Medline (via PubMed) was systematically searched from 2013–2022. Articles were screened using the PRISMA statement and those that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study.
Results
Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. The average incidence of SSI was 29.8%. Key risk factors identified included male gender, open surgery, preoperative biliary stenting and obesity.
Conclusions
The incidence of SSI following HPB surgery varied, but it is generally high. A variety of pre-disposing patient factors can affect infection rates following HPB surgery. The results from this study suggest that perhaps laparoscopic surgery should be used where possible, and that there should be an awareness that gender, obesity and the use of stents may increase the incidence of SSIs following these operations.
- surgical site infection,
- hospital acquired infection,
- surgery,
- hepatopancreatobiliary,
- incidence,
- risk factor
Citation: Lucy E. Chambers, Aali J. Sheen, Kathryn A. Whitehead. A systematic review on the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections following hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery[J]. AIMS Bioengineering, 2022, 9(2): 123-144. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2022010

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Abstract

Background

Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the most common hospital acquired infections and result in increased morbidity, mortality and financial burden on health services. The incidence of SSIs are not clearly defined and infection rates as varied as 20%–40% have been reported. The aim of this study was to systematically review the incidence and risk factors of SSI following HPB surgery.

Methods

The database of Medline (via PubMed) was systematically searched from 2013–2022. Articles were screened using the PRISMA statement and those that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study.

Results

Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. The average incidence of SSI was 29.8%. Key risk factors identified included male gender, open surgery, preoperative biliary stenting and obesity.

Conclusions

The incidence of SSI following HPB surgery varied, but it is generally high. A variety of pre-disposing patient factors can affect infection rates following HPB surgery. The results from this study suggest that perhaps laparoscopic surgery should be used where possible, and that there should be an awareness that gender, obesity and the use of stents may increase the incidence of SSIs following these operations.

Author contributions

Lucy E. Chambers was responsible for the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data for the work. Aali J. Sheen and Kathryn A. Whitehead were responsible for the conception and design of the work. All authors were responsible for the drafting and revision of the data and final approval of the version to be published.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflicts of interest in this paper.

References

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