A new species of Tegenaria Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Agelenidae) from Turkey

Abstract A new species of the spider genus Tegenaria Latreille, 1804 is described, based on newly collected specimens from Turkey. Detailed morphological descriptions, diagnosis and figures of the copulatory organs of both sexes are presented. Finally, a checklist and distribution maps for Turkish Tegenaria species are provided.


Introduction
Th e spider family Agelenidae currently constitutes 514 species in 42 genera and has a global distribution (Platnick 2010). Tegenaria Latreille, 1804 is the largest genus of the family, with 101 described species, primarily from the Palaearctic region, but with some from the Oriental Region and a few from the Nearctic (Roth 1968;Gertsch 1971;Levy 1996;Platnick 2010). To date, 22 Tegenaria species have been reported from Turkey, of which 15 are endemic to the country (Bayram et al. 2010;Platnick 2010). Brignoli (1972Brignoli ( , 1978 was the most prominent contributor to the knowledge of Turkish agelenid spiders, having described and/or recorded 16 species from the country. However, most of these species are still poorly understood and remain known only from their original descriptions.
In general, the supraspecifi c taxonomy of Tegenaria and the tribe Tegenariini is poorly resolved. Th e genus includes species with very diff erent palpal and epigynal conformations. Recently, Guseinov et al. (2005) removed 26 species from Tegenaria and transferred them to Malthonica Simon, 1898. Th e taxonomy of Tegenaria with respect to the Mediterranean fauna is currently being developed by A. Bolzern (Bolzern 2007;Bolzern et al. 2008Bolzern et al. , 2009.
During our surveys of the Turkish spider fauna, we found an undescribed species in the southern region of the country. Th is species possesses copulatory organs diff erent from other Turkish and eastern Mediterranean Tegenaria and is described here as a new species.

Material and methods
Th e specimens were studied using a Leica M205 C stereomicroscope. Th e description of colour was based on live specimens. Th e epigyne was macerated in 10% KOH. Measurements were taken with a micrometer eyepiece from the dorsal aspect of the palps and legs. Th e morphological terminology follows Levy (1996) and Guseinov et al. (2005). Leg spination follows Bolzern et al. (2008Bolzern et al. ( , 2009. Th e taxonomy and world distribution data were derived from Platnick (2010).
Specimens were photographed using an Olympus Camedia E-520 camera attached to an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope. Images were produced using "CombineZP" image stacking software. Photographs were taken in dishes of diff erent sizes with paraffi n at the bottom. Holes of diff erent sizes were made in the paraffi n in order to keep specimens in the required position.
Th e following abbreviations are used: AER anterior eye row; ALE anterior lateral eyes; AME anterior median eyes; PER posterior eye row; PLE posterior lateral eyes; PME posterior median eyes.  Brignoli, 1978 andT. halidi Guseinov, Marusik &Koponen, 2005. Males of the new species can be easily distinguished from the mentioned species by the shape of the large and curved median apophysis and the pointed tip of the conductor (Figs 4, 6). Th e female of T. bayrami sp. n. can be separated from all other Tegenaria species by the square-shaped epigynal plate (Fig. 11), short ducts and round spermathecae (Figs 14-16).
Male palp as in Figs 4-10; very long (femur 5.10, patella 1.00, tibia 2.70, tarsus 2.20, (total 11.00), longer than body. Femur approximately 1.8 times longer than tibia, tibia 1.2 times longer than cymbium. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with two branches: lateral branch in dorsal view elongated and more or less rectangular, in retrolateral view triangular and tapering off towards the tip; broad and rounded latero-ventral branch with a small protuberance close to lateral branch in retrolateral view. Median apophysis 6.00 long, 4.10 wide; dorsum yellowish brown, with a reticulate patter of a series of transverse, thick black lines along the dorsal mid-line and sides (Fig. 2). Venter pale brown, with many short hairs and longitudinal black bars between the epigastric furrow and spinnerets.
Habitat. Th e new species was collected from damp places of rocky areas along the River Köprüçay (Köprülü Canyon, Antalya). Th e canyon is located on the lower slopes of the West Taurus Mountain ranges. Samples were collected from their big funnel webs during the day. Th e collection of a male in copula with a female clearly suggests that both sexes described here are conspecifi c.
Distribution. Turkey, known only from the type locality (Fig. 20).

General distribution: Europe to Central Asia, USA and Canada.
Distribution in Turkey: Anatolia, no exact locality. It was reported from Turkey by Caporiacco (1935) only. It is likely that this record is the result of a misidentifi cation. Fig. 18 For a complete list of references see Platnick (2010).

Discussion
Twenty-three Tegenaria species have now been reported from Turkey, including the newly described species. Only four of them (T. agrestis, T. atrica, T. domestica and T. parietina) have broad distribution ranges, whereas 16 species are endemic to Turkey. Among the species restricted to Turkey or to the eastern Mediterranean, 14 are known exclusively from females and only four species are known from both sexes. All species known from only one sex were described by Brignoli (1972;1978 a,b). Reasoning from the illustrations of Brignoli (1972;1978 a,b) and knowing that the epigyne of Tegenaria is rather simple, it can be assumed that some of Brignoli's species names will be synonymized in the future. Nevertheless, the diversity of Tegenaria in Turkey is very high compared to other regions. Th e Turkish fauna includes more species than some well studied and species-rich countries as Italy and Spain (15 species of Tegenaria in each) (Helsdingen 2009). Neighbouring Bulgaria has only 12 species reported (Deltshev 1995). Of course, it is possible that some of the species known from females may belong to the closely related genus Malthonica (sensu Guseinov et al. 2005). If one compares the species diversity of the genera Tegenaria and Malthonica, the species richness of both in Turkey (31 species) is higher than in other countries: 27 in continental Italy, 23 in Bulgaria and France, and 22 in Spain.
Although the currently known diversity of Tegenaria and Malthonica in Turkey is already extraordinarily high, the actual diversity may be even higher. Many caves, a favourite habitat for Tegenaria, have never been studied or sampled for spiders in Turkey. Th erefore, we expect that more new species will be found in the future.