Revision of the family Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera) of the Oriental Region. I. Introduction and genera Encaumaptera Hampson 1893, Orgyarbela gen. and Hollowarbela gen.

In the first part of the revision of the family Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera) of the south-eastern Asia, a complete literature review of the previously described taxa and biology of the Asian group members is given. The images of the adults and male genitaias of all known Metarbelidae genera of the Oriental region are illustrated. Two genera are described as new for the science: Orgyarbela Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, gen. nov. (type species Arbela millemaculata Hampson, 1897, by original designation here) and Hollowarbela Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, gen. nov. (type species Indarbela kinabalua Holloway, 1976, by original designation). The genus Encaumaptera Hampson, 1893 is revised. The following new species are described here: Encaumaptera aurora Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (type locality: Thailand, Changwat Nan, 5 km N of Bo Luang), E. devyatkini Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (type locality: C. Vietnam, Kon Tum Prov., Sa Thay Distr., Bargok, Chu Mot Ray NP), Orgyarbela kerri Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (type locality: Laos, Nam Guak [Yuak river Valley, Wiengchau]), and O. mackwoodi Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, sp. nov. (type locality: Burma, Kawkerait [Kawkarike, Karen Prov., Myanmar]). The new combinations are established: Orgyarbela millemaculata (Hampson, 1897), comb.nov. and Hollowarbela kinabalua (Holloway, 1976), comb. nov. diameter part. equal ½ fore wing costal edge length. Fore wing pale brown, narrow, with dense dotty dark-brown pattern, more developed at costal edge and cubitally, apex sharp. Hind wing light-brown, with poorly developed reticulated pattern throughout all wing. short, sclerotized, small dentate process on border proximal and third of edge, outer of valve semicircular; lateral


Introduction
Metarbelidae Strand, 1909(=Arbelidae Hampson, [1893, Holandiidae Karsch, 1896, Teragridae Hampson, 1920, Squamuridae Roepke, 1957 is a relatively small family of Lepidoptera belonging to the superfamily Cossoidea (Hampson 1893(Hampson , 1920Karsch 1896;Roepke 1957;Regier et al. 2009;Mutanen et al. 2010; van Nieukerken et al. 2011;Wahlberg et al. 2013;Heikkilä et al. 2015). As of 2019 (Lehmann 2019a), the family included 237 species of 27 genera (most of which, 218 species of 24 genera, are known from Africa).The family is widely spread in the tropics of the Old World: in Africa south of Sahara, on Madagascar, on Arabian Peninsula; in the Asian tropics they are known from India and southern China to Sulawesi (Lehmann 2019a). Most species of Asian Metarbelidae are accumulated in Hindustan, Sri-Lanka, Indochina and the island of Borneo. Only one species is known south of Borneo (Squamura celebensis Roepke, 1957)from the island of Sulawesi.Thus, according to the modern publications, the representatives of the family were not recorded eastwards the Wallace Line (Wallace 1860).
In the recent years, African Metarbelidae were actively revised by I. Lehmann, who published a series of significant works (several as a co-author) (Lehmann 1997(Lehmann −2014Lehmann & Rajaei 2013;Lehmann et al. 2018). The Lehmann's research was resulted in his Doctorate dissertation (Lehmann 2019a), where he made a phylogenetic analysis and outlined several new genera.The author noted that according to his preliminary data no less than 570 Metarbelidae species should met in the Afrotropics (Lehmann 2019a: 14).
While the African Metarbelidae were actively revised, the level of our knowledge on Asian representatives of the family remains extremely low, with very poor bionomics data. We are going to fill this gap by a series of publications.
In addition to the mentioned above taxa of the species group from South-east Asia, several genera have been described. Moore (1879) erected the genus Arbela Moore, 1879 for Arbela tetraonis Moore, 1879 (is a junior homonym of Arbela Stål, 1865 (Hemiptera) (Fletcher & Nye 1982). Squamura Heylaerts, 1890 was allocated for Squamura maculata Heylaerts, 1890. Hampson (1893 erected the genus Encaumaptera Hampson, 1893 for Brachylia stigmata Hampson, 1892 originally being established in the Hepialidae. Schultze (1908) established the genus Squamicapilla (type species: S. arenata). Fletcher (1922) suggested the epithet Indarbela as a replacement name for Arbela Moore, 1879. Thus, at present 30 species united into six genera are known from the territory of the Oriental Region. The status of the group is still debatable − from an independent family to a separate subfamily within Cossidae. We will cover this issue in the final part of this revision.

Brief morphological characteristics of the family
All species cossoid in appearance, wingspan from 18 to 40 mm. Most species have minor sexual dimorphism, although in some genera females much larger and more robust; contrary, in Squamura females often smaller than males, and in Orgyarbela they are differently colored and patterned. Sometimes sex identification is very difficult in intact specimensboth sexes have the same shape and length of antennae and similar long and rather slender abdomen with anal hair pencil.
Antennae in both sexes bipectinate with short rami, without basal widening; eyes large and occupy larger part of the head lateral side, without setae; galea absent.
Epiphysis roughly from middle of foretibia, presents in both sexes; spur formula is 0-2-2. Wings slightly elongated, with concave outer margin and reticulate patterning on a pale background as in some tropical Cossidae but modified by a presence of distinct discal spot and often, distinct postmedial fascia and basal longitudinal stroke. In some species hair-like scale occupy define fields on the fore wing being probably androconias in males.
Retinaculum and frenulum usually absent (present in some Salagena and Teragra (Janse 1932)). Venation: accessory cell absent; anterior branch of M in cell absent; Rs2 to Rs4 stalked; CuP in forewing obsolete.The family resembles the Ratardidae in having a single strong anal vein in the forewing. A1 completely absent (no trace) whereas A2 fused with A3 on the larger distance but with presence of a short but distinct basal fork.
Tergum of anal segment with modified scales with very long base in both sexes; these scales are situated in two dorso-lateral tufts those diagnostically protrude in a resting moth.
The male genitalia symmetric, with broad, flattened beak-like uncus, tip sometimes bifid (Squamura) or wide and bilobed (Marshalliana), and separate or fused rather drumstick-like appendages from it, possibly gnathi, basally fused with robust subanal plate embracing anal cone as gutter. Socii very small or absent; bulla present or absent; valvae small, rather rounded, with some modification to sacculus and often with fields of strong grouped setae (maybe also with pheromone activity) and different degree of basal-costal field sclerotization. Aedeagus usually short, slender, tube-like, often apically narrowed, with basal widening; vesica membranous, sometimes with short numerous cornuti. Pregenital segments not modified.
The female genitalia with short, telescopic ovipositor lobes and expanded membrane between T7 and T8. By the shape of 8, they resemble Ratardidae, the following several features may indicate close relationship: the deep, narrow ovipositor lobes that have dorsal rounded expansions; the reduced ductus and corpus bursae; the expanded membrane between tergite 7 and the genitalia.
Thus, there is a base for uniting the two families, with Ratardidae having priority, but examination of the Ratardidae male genitalia (at present known only for Shiza excellens Strand, 1917(Owada 1993 and Sumatratarda diehli Kobes & Ronkay, 1990(Kobes & Ronkay 1990) is needed to confirm this (Holloway 1986). The 8-shaped ovipositor lobes are apomorphic. The male genitalia of both Ratardidae species have the such synapomorphy with Metarbelidae as harpes of various shapes forming by the modified abdominal edge of the valve. However, in our opinion, the most significant distinctive characteristic between Ratardidae and Metarbelidae is expressed sex dimorphism and complete reduction of a gnathos in Ratardidae. Unfortunately, it is impossible to conduct a more detailed analysis because males are known only for two Ratardidae species so far (from ten known in three genera) (Yakovlev 2018).

Biology
The bionomics of Asian Metarbelidae is poorly studied. Roepke (1916) was the first to describe the larva and pupa of Metarbelidae from Java. He indicated several species of trees damaged by Squamura maculata Heylaerts: Deguila, Delonix and Albizzia (Fabaceae), Theobroma (Sterculiaceae), Citrus (Rutaceae), Mangifera (Anacardiaceae), Nephelium (Sapindaceae) and by the representatives of the family Guttiferae. Gardner (1945) described the larva of Indarbela quadrinotata (Walker, 1856) from Sri Lanka. Kalshoven (1965) indicated several south-eastern Asian Metarbelidae species and their biological peculiarities. Among them Squamura maculata is very common on lowlands and plains of Java. Its larvae make thin and long tunnels on the trunks of feed plants. In the evening, the caterpillar leaves this tunnel and builds its continuation on the tree bark nearby, gnawing only the epidermis and superficial tissues, not going deeper than 3-4 mm and not using lignified parts for nutrition, thus not damaging the tree greatly. Copulation of butterflies is noted between 9 and 10 pm; the general development of the pre-imaginal stages takes about a year; the larvae growing is possible only on live young shoots and was successful on the species of the genus Ceiba (Malvaceae), though in the wild the caterpillars are also found on Erythrina, Cassia siamea, Pithecolobium lobatum (Fabaceae). However, it is assumed that all smooth-barked plants are potential forage. At the same time, solitary trees are willingly populated, but not the trees under the canopy of a forest or in a group. In the mountains higher than 1000 m similar damage is caused by S. flavina. This species, previously defined (probably, mistakenly) as S. magma, is found on the bark of Citrus (Rutaceae) in Bogor. S. acutistriata causes hard damage of the bark and surface tissues of Citrus in the east of Java; contrary to other species, this one prefers to inhabit the crowns of trees; also found on Albizzia lebbeck (Fabaceae). The caterpillar penetrates into the bark deeper than the others, up to 5 mm, willingly eats dead wood, which often leads to drying out of the shoot tops; the infected shoots are repeatedly colonized and covered with deep superficial lesions. Caterpillars reach 32 mm and pupate in early September, producing butterflies in the first week of October, hatching between 5 and 7 pm. Females actively lure males, who arrive from 3 to 9 pm; the copulation is short-term. The female lays eggs the next day, in small clutches covered with mucus and single scales from the abdomen. The caterpillars hatch on the 10 th day.
There are data about a damage of cacao by this species in central Java. The caterpillar of S. tenera is up to 20 mm in length, builds horizontal galleries about 1 m above the ground, on Manihot (Euphorbiaceae). The pupae stage lasts three weeks. S. celebensisis found on the branches of Ceiba pentandra (Malvaceae). The old trees are more willingly damages, the older shoots are more often chosen for dwelling.
The caterpillar thought to be Indarbela quadrinotata from Annona from Sri Lanka is said to bore into the trunk, and it also eats the bark and makes channels in it.
Markku Pellinen (pers. comm.) noticed that caterpillar of any Thai Squamura could bore the shelter way quite deeply (several cm.s) in the sound wood of Cleistocalyx (Syzygium) nervosum (Myrtaceae), but always in the place where a branch had fallen. Caterpillars were found at a height of two to three meters, and they could bore holes in a sound tree, as well as in the place where a branch had been cut out, the depth is about two to three cm, the caterpillars were seriously not easy to be taken out.It looked like the caterpillarswere not very close to the surface, at least more than a few cm. Just a knife was not enough to take them out. He thinks that caterpillars also eat the tree bark, probably in places where there is lichen or fungus part of lichen. Three tunnels were seen on one tree.

Material and methods
The materials for the study were the adult Metarbelidae specimens deposited in various collections: MWM -Museum of Thomas Witt (Munich, Germany)nowadays a part of ZSM since 2020; NHMUK -National Museum of Natural History (formerly: The Natural History Museum, London, U.K.); RYBcollection of Roman Yakovlev (Barnaul, Russia); ZSM -Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten (Munich, Germany). Male and female genitalia were mounted in euparal on slides following Lafontain and Mikkola (1987) and examined with an Olympus SZX16 microscope. The images were taken with the digital camera CMOS 20.7 megapixels and processed using Corel Photo-Paint 2017 software.

Taxonomical part
As said previously, there are only six Metarbelidae genera known from the Oriental region (here they are given alphabetically). For some of them (Encaumaptera, Indarbela, and Squamicapilla) the genital structures have never been studied and illustrated. Thus it is necessary to compensate at the beginning of our revision for the correct argumentation of our further taxonomic decisions.  Schultze, 1908 (Figs 3, 18).

Genus Encaumaptera Hampson, 1893
Type genus (by original designation) Brachylia stigmata Hampson, 1891. Redescription. Adults of medium size, similar to the representatives of the сossid genera Roerichiora Yakovlev & Witt, 2009 (type species Zeuzera stigmatica Moore, 1879). Antenna bipectinate along all length, antenna processes about two times longer than antenna rod diameter in its medium third. Fore wingwith poorly expressed pattern, hind wing without pattern, noticeably shorter. Abdomen apically without modified scales collected in a brush.
Male genitalia.Uncus robust, tapered, apically rounded; tegumen large; gnathos arms thick, relatively long, large leaf-like processes at bases of gnathos arms (more dorsally) on tegumen; gnathos massive; valve narrow, slightly narrowing from base to apex, with small notchon border between medium and distal thirds of costal edge, with small triangle harpe; juxta small cup-like; saccus tiny; aedeagus robust, short, straight, with small paired linear-shaped cornuti along lateral surfaces of vesica.
Females unknown.

Diagnosis.
The new genus is distinguished in the weak wing pattern, the absence of modified abdomen scales, large tapered uncus, big leaf-like processes at bases of gnathos arms, narrow valve with a small harpe, straight thick phallus with small paired linear-shaped cornuti along the lateral surface of the vesica.
Distribution. Indochina (Vietnam and Thailand), south-eastern or Southern India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka (Fig. 27); its range strongly disjunct and incompletely known. Type material: holotype (male) in NHMUK. Holotype was not found in the collection of NHMUK in spite of special search though the image was given at the description from the specimen kept here.

Re-description.
Length of fore wing 13−14 mm. Fore wing light-brown, blurred wide brown spot in radial area postdiscally, bright dark-brown spot cubitally (in medium part of wing), fringe light-brown. Hind wing light-brown without pattern, fringe light-brown.
Male genitalia.Uncus very large, tapered, apically rounded, basally strongly sclerotized; tegumen massive, with wide leaf-like processes at bases of gnathos arms; gnathos arms thick, relatively long; gnathos large; valve narrow, slightly narrowing from base to apex, with small semicircular notch on border between medium and distal thirds of costal edge, small leaf-like processes at valve base (on costal edge), small triangle harpe on inner surface of valve at base of notch on costal edge, medium third of costal and abdominal edges strongly sclerotized, wide sclerotized bridge from costal to abdominal edge of valve; juxta small, cup-like; saccus tiny; phallus thick, short, straight, with long longitudinal linear sclerite on abdominal surface and small paired linear-shaped cornuti along lateral surfaces of vesica.
Diagnosis.The species is well differentiated externally: the fore wing has a more modified pattern in comparison to other species of the genus: a light-brown background with a blurred wide brown spot in radial area postdiscally and a bright dark-brown spot cubitally (in the medial part of the wing), the phallus has the same thickness throughout its length. The hind wing color matches that of the fore wing. The species is probably an endemic of southern India and Sri-Lanka.

Distribution. Southern India, Sri Lanka.
Comments. We does not exclude the possibility that southern India and Sri Lanka are inhabited by two closely related species similar externally. This phenomenon is widely known in different groups of Lepidoptera (Zolotuhin 2009;Yakovlev 2015), but not having at our disposal a type specimen or at least a topotypical specimen, and being guided only by its image, taking into account the very close zoogeographic connections between southern India and the island, at this stage we treat both populations as conspecific. Description. Length of fore wing 12−14 mm (holotype -13 mm).Thorax covered with dark-brown scales, abdomenwith light-pink scales. Antenna pale brown, bipectinate along all length, crest processes about twice longer than antenna rod diameter in its medium third. Fore wing light-brown with poorly expressed pattern of darker blurred spots and thin orange rim along outer edge, fringe brown. Hind wing pink, without pattern, fringe light-brown.
Male genitalia. Uncus very robust, tapered, apically rounded, basally strongly sclerotized; tegumen massive, with wide leaf-like processes at gnathos arms bases; gnathos arms thick, relatively long; gnathos massive; valve narrow, slightly narrowing from base to apex, with small semi-oval cut on border between medium and distal third of costal edge, valve basally (on costal edge) with small narrow leaf-like processes, small triangle harpe on inner surface of valve at base of cut on costal edge, medium third of costal and abdominal edges strongly sclerotized, narrow sclerotized bridge from costal to abdominal edge of valve; juxta small, cup-like; saccus tiny; phallus thick, short, straight, slightly widening apically, with long longitudinal linear sclerite on abdominal surface and small paired linear-shaped cornuti on lateral surfaces of vesica.
Diagnosis.The new species differs from the other species of the genus in the pink scales on the abdomen, the bright pink hind wing and the phallus slightly widening to the apex.

Distribution. Thailand (Nan and Ranong Provinces).
Etimology. Aurora -Goddess of Dawn because of hind wings colored as rising Sun. Description. Length of fore wing 15 mm.Thorax and abdomen densely covered with dark-brown scales. Fore wing dark-brown, with poorly expressed pattern of lighter brown bands: postdiscally transverse, medially longitudinal, and rare black transverse strokes throughout all wing area. Hind wing dark-brown without pattern.

Encaumaptera devyatkini sp. nov.
Male genitalia. Uncus relatively short, robust, apically rounded, basally strongly sclerotized; tegumen massive, with wide leaf-like processes at gnathos arms bases; gnathos arms thick, long; gnathos massive; valve narrow, slightly narrowing from base to apex, with very small cut on border between medial and distal third of costal edge, long leaf-like process at base of costal edge of valve, costal and abdominal edges strongly sclerotized, in medium third connected with narrow bridge, tip of abdominal edge slightly drawn, small triangle harpe on inner surface of valve closer to costal edge; juxta scaphoid; saccus semicircular, tiny; phallus thick, short, almost straight, with small paired cornuti on lateral surfaces of vesica.
Diagnosis.The new species differs externally from E. aurora sp. n. in the dark hind wings, from E. stigmata in the poorly modified pattern on the fore wing. From both species it clearly differs in the genital structure: the shorter uncus, the thin sclerotized bridge between the costal and abdominal margins of the valve, the poorly expressed cut on the costal edge of the valve. (Fig. 29).The species was collected in the rainy season in an undisturbed very dense tropical mountain forest, attracted to the light, near a sheer rock wall cut along a mountain road above a mountain stream. At rest, folds its wings and sits like a Cossid moth without lifting the abdomen up.

Habitat and details of biology
Etymology. The species is named after Alexey L. Devyatkin   (Fig. 31), who worked at the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, the Moscow University. He was one of the largest specialists in Oriental Hesperiidae, Lepidoptera of Vietnam, and also in metalmarks of the genera Melitaea and Mellicta. He is the author of more than 60 taxa of Rhopalocera from the Palaearctic and Oriental region, first of all of the fauna of Vietnam.
Distribution. Central Vietnam. Description. Basing on the known material, the genus is strongly sexually dimorphic.
Male. Small species, male fore wing length 9-10 mm. Antenna bipectinate, crest processes three times longer than antenna rod diameter in its medium third. Fore wing narrow, often with fine spotty pattern, hind wing smaller, without pattern. Bunch of very long hairs on tip of abdomen.
Female (only the female of O. millemaculata is known). Slightly larger than male, colored brightly and lighter. Antenna bipectinate, crest processes approximately equal to antenna rod diameter in its medium third. Pattern of fore wing mottled. Hind wing with longitudinal dark band. Bunch of very long hairs on tip of abdomen. Genitalia not examined.

Diagnosis.
The new genus differs from the known Metarbelidae genera in the gracility, dimorphism in color and size, relatively bright coloration of females, the presence of a bundle of very long scales at the apex of the abdomen in both sexes, a very powerful split uncus. The split uncus, the reduced hind wing size and the dimorphism may be considered the autapomorphies of the genus.
The bright color and the extreme rarity of both sexes in collections suggest their daily activity and this may be also a unique autapomorphic feature of this group / genus.

Re-description.
Male. Length of fore wing 9−10 mm. Thorax and abdomen densely covered with brown scales, bunch of long dark-brown scales on tip of abdomen. Fore wing light-brown with very dense spotty pattern of dark-brown spots arranged in transverse rows, fringe mottled, dark at veins, light between veins. Hind wing brown, without pattern, fringe yellow unicolorous.
Male genitalia. Uncus very robust, strongly expended from base to apex, with small semicircular incision (for quarter of uncus length); tegumen robust; gnathos arms of medium length; gnathos small; valve short, poorly sclerotized, apex wide semicircular, costal edge smooth, abdominal edge strongly sclerotized, small cut in basal third of abdominal edge, small dentate harpe on abdominal edge (closer to apex); juxta cup-like; saccus tiny; phallus short, strongly bent along all length, apically slightly sharpened.
Female. Length of fore 13−14 mm. Thorax covered with dark-brown scales, abdomenwith bright orange scales, bunch of very long dark scales on tip of abdomen. Fore wing bright orange, with black large basal spot, wide band discally, more narrow band postdiscally, small black spots submarginally, marginally and between discal and postdiscal bands (in radial area) Female genitalia not examined.

Diagnosis.
The new species is externally closer to O. kerri, from which is differs in the smaller incision on the uncus, and in the harpe on the abdominal edge of the valve strongly moved to its apex. Description. Male. Length of fore wing 10 mm. Thorax and abdomen densely covered with brown scales, bunch of long dark-brown scales on tip of abdomen. Fore wing light-brown with dense spotty dark-brown pattern of strokes throughout all wing, fringe mottled: dark at veins, light between veins. Hind wing darkbrown with yellow costal edge and yellow fringe. Male genitalia. Uncus very robust, strongly extended from base to apex, with deep triangle incision (for half of uncus length); tegumen robust; gnathos arms of medium length; gnathos small; valve short, poorly sclerotized, lanceolate, costal edge almost smooth, abdominal edge hypertrophied, strongly sclerotized, small dentate harpe on abdominal edge (in medium third); juxta cup-like; saccus tiny; phallus short, curved in medium third, gradually narrowing from middle to top.
Female unknown.
Diagnosis. Externally, the new species is closer to O. millemaculata, from which it differs in the darker color, more split uncus and the harpe situated closer to the abdominal edge of the valve.
Etymology. The new species is named after its collectorthe most active researcher if the Indo-China fauna, the Irish doctor A.F.G. Kerr (1877Kerr ( -1942 (Fig. 32), who made a trip to the highest point of Laos in 1932 and collected insects along the way.  Description. Male. Length of fore wing 9 mm. Thorax and abdomen densely covered with brown scales, bunch of long dark-brown scales on tip of abdomen. Fore wing dark-brown, without pattern, fringe mottled: dark at veins, light between veins. Hind wing dark-brown without pattern, fringe pale brown. Male genitalia. Uncus very robust, strongly extended from base to apex, with deep semicircular incision (for one third of uncus length); tegumen robust; gnathos arms of medium length; gnathos small; valve short, poorly sclerotized, with slightly sharpened apex,costal edge curved, abdominal edge hypertrophied, strongly sclerotized, small dentate harpe on abdominal edge (in medium third); juxta cup-like; saccus tiny; phallus short, straight, apically slightly sharpened.
Female unknown.
Diagnosis.The new species differs from both other species of the genus in the poorly modified coloring (the fore wing is dark-brown, without pattern), an important diagnostic feature in the genitals is the lanceolate narrowing distal tip of the valve.

Etymology.
The new species is named after F. M. Mackwood (1843−1931) (Fig. 33), a businessman (one of the founders of the tea house Mackwood's Limited) in Colombo, a keen amateur lepidopterist. His specimens are kept at the Natural History Museum, Londonand the National Museum, Colombo (Wijesekara & Wijesinghe, 2003 Description. Medium sized, firmly built species with wide thorax. Antenna bipectinate, crest processes twice longer than antenna rod diameter in medium part. Antenna equal to ½ of fore wing costal edge length. Fore wing pale brown, narrow, with dense dotty dark-brown pattern, more developed at costal edge and cubitally, apex sharp. Hind wing light-brown, with poorly developed reticulated pattern throughout all wing. Male genitalia. Uncus large, long, slightly extending apically, apex rounded; tegumen of medium size; gnathos arms very short, not fused, gnathos reduced; costal edge of valve smooth, abdominal edge slightly curved in medium third, strongly sclerotized, small dentate process on border between proximal and medium third of abdominal edge, outer edge of valve semicircular; juxta small, with small slightly curved lateral processes. Phallus simple, tabulate, vesica without cornuti.
Female unknown.
Diagnosis. The genus has the following distinctive features: the robust thorax, the fore wing with a specific fine spotty pattern and a sharp apex, the non-split clavately expanding robust uncus, the sclerotized abdominal edge of the valve and the vesica without cornuti.

Composition. A monotypic genus.
Etymology. The new Genus is named after Dr. Jeremy D. Holloway, a well-known British entomologistspecialist in Oriental Fauna.
The species probably has a daily activity, as the robust thorax allows a strong and complicated search flight.