Four new species of the spider genus Pinelema (Araneae, Telemidae) from caves in South China

Four new species are described in a previously monotypic genus Pinelema Wang et Li, 2012. P. curcici sp. nov. ( male and female), P. huobaensis sp. nov. ( male and female), P. yaosaensis sp. nov. ( male and female) from Yunnan, and P. xiushuiensis sp. nov. ( male and female) from Guangxi in southern China. drawing apparatus attached to an Olympus BX41 compound microscope, and inked on ink jet plotter paper. Imagines were captured with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.0 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope. Terminology following that of Tong & Li (2008). All measurements are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are shown as total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Legs segments were measured from their dorsal side. Palp measurements are shown as total length (femur, patella, tibia, -, tarsus). Abbreviations of morphological structures: CA, cymbial apophysis; EM, embolus; SP, spermatheca, T, temperature; H, humidity. The temperature and humidity were measured in the same place as the spiders collected.


Introduction
Telemids are small (usually < 2 mm), ecribellate, haplogyne spiders. They usually live in humid environments, where they construct sheet webs either under rocks or in caves (Song et al. 1999). The family contains 9 genera and 63 species and has a wide distribution ranging from tropical Africa, Europe, East and Southeast Asia to North, Central and South America (World Spider Catalog 2016).
Three genera and 33 species of Telemidae have been described from China, among them 31 species belong to Telema Simon, 1882, other two species belong to Seychellia Saaristo, 1978 and Pinelema Wang et Li, 2012, respectively (Li & Lin 2016). Whether the telemids in China actually belong to genera Telema and Seychellia still awaits further study. The generotype of Telema originates from Europe and the generotype of Seychellia, from Africa (Wang & Ran 1998;Tong & Li 2008).
The genus Pinelema is known only by a single species (Wang & Li 2012). During the extensive survey of subterranean biodiversity in South China from 2009 to 2010, several telemids were collected, four new species are recognized and assigned to the genus Pinelema in this paper.

Material and methods
All spiders were collected in caves in South China. All types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS). Methods were same as those of Wang & Li (2010). Specimens were examined and measured using a LEICA M205 C stereomicroscope. Male palps and female genitalia were dissected from the spider's bodies, and vulvae were treated in lactic acid. All drawings were made using a

Research Article
drawing apparatus attached to an Olympus BX41 compound microscope, and inked on ink jet plotter paper. Imagines were captured with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.0 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope. Terminology following that of Tong & Li (2008). All measurements are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are shown as total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Legs segments were measured from their dorsal side. Palp measurements are shown as total length (femur, patella, tibia, -, tarsus). Abbreviations of morphological structures: CA, cymbial apophysis; EM, embolus; SP, spermatheca, T, temperature; H, humidity. The temperature and humidity were measured in the same place as the spiders collected. Diagnosis. Pinelema can be distinguished from other telemid genera by the following combination of male palpal characters: cymbium with a prolateral apophysis, bearing several setae; bulb with a tubeshaped embolus.

Taxonomy
Description. Carapace yellow, pear-shaped, with radial shadings and dim margins. Six eyes, with black rings, and in two species the eye absent. Chelicerae, endites and labium yellow. Sternum brown or yellow. Legs yellowish. Chelicerae fang furrow with 2 big teeth and 3 tiny granulous denticles on promargin, 4 small triangular denticles on retromargin. Sternum covered with sparse long setae. Opisthosoma yellowish or blue, oval or circular dorsally, covered with sparse setae. Male Pedipalp simple, femur shorter than tarsus, patella half the length of tibia, tarsus bears bristles distally and dorsally, bulb ovate or pear-shaped, yellow, embolus tube-shaped, anterior margin sclerotized. Epigynum of the female, weakly sclerotized, with a row of sparse hairs on epigynal plate, and a row of short, strong spines or setae behind epigastric furrow. Spermatheca tube-shaped, translucent, basal part slender, the distal part swollen or curved in some species.
Distibution. China. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to the P. bailongensis, but can be distinguished by the pearshaped bulb (Figs 1C-D, 3A-B) (oval in P. bailongensis); the distal part of embolus not sclerotized (Figs 1B, 4C) (weakly sclerotized in P. bailongensis); and in the female epigynum with a row of short, slender setae behind epigastric furrow, the distal part of spermatheca slender (Figs 2C, 4E) (epigynum with a row of short, strong spines behind epigastric furrow, distal part of spermatheca swollen in P. bailongensis).