Gender Mainstreaming in Natural Disaster Management: Study of Planning for Strengthening Women's Capacity Against Disasters in Bantul District

Planning to strengthen women's capacity to deal with disasters in Bantul Regency is one of the main factors in this research. Because women are ultimately categorized as a vulnerable group, this vulnerability is caused by women's lack of knowledge about disasters. This research aims to analyze plans to strengthen women's capacity to deal with natural disasters in Bantul Regency. This research uses Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods supported by primary and secondary data using Vos Viewer analysis. Secondary data documents the activities provided by BPBD for women's groups. This research uses data analysis techniques with data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. This research also shows that there are positive steps provided by BPBD to women's groups so that they can participate in strengthening women's capacity to face disasters. Based on research findings, the Bantul Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) plans to strengthen women's capacity to deal with disasters by providing socialization about disasters and disaster simulations to women's groups.


INTRODUCTION
The Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY) is one of the most disaster-prone areas in Indonesia; this is because DIY has eight landforms consisting of volcanic, marine, denudational, fluvial, solutional, airline, and anthropogenic land.Each region in DIY, of course, has different natural characteristics and social life, especially in Bantul Regency.Bantul Regency is one of the areas in DIY that borders the Indian Ocean, which is where the Eurasian Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate meet; these two plates are the plates most vulnerable to natural disasters, especially earthquakes and tsunamis (Nugroho et al., 2023).Based on the potential threat of disasters and the existing level of vulnerability, the estimated risk of disasters that will occur in DIY is classified as high.Regarding disaster risk reduction, efforts can be made by reducing the level of vulnerability because this is relatively feasible compared to reducing or minimizing hazards.Gender mainstreaming through indicators such as fair access, participation, and control of resources is believed to reduce vulnerability and increase the ability of men and women to reduce disaster risks.
There are various factors behind women's lack of understanding of disasters, such as education and profession, which have quite an influence on women's groups on how they can participate in disaster management training (Irawan et al., 2023); Liliana et al., 2023).Apart from that, the perspective of society which still places women in household matters such as taking care of children, cooking, and taking care of the house means that most of their time is only in the home environment (Asfahani, Tono, et al., 2023).Based on this, authorities such as the National Disaster Management Agency make disaster mitigation policies that involve women in strengthening their understanding of disasters.According to (Canton et al., 2007), disaster emergency management is all activities that include planning and preparedness for disaster emergencies before, during, and after an emergency.The disaster management process consists of 3 stages, namely the mitigation stage, emergency response stage, and recovery stage.(Canton,2007) This research was conducted to see how gender-responsive budget schemes and allocations are in gender equality programs in planning natural disaster management studies in strengthening women's capacity to face disasters in the Bantul district.This research also focuses on programs, activities, and gender responsiveness, which covers the needs of women in natural disaster response efforts.
Gender mainstreaming (PUG) is a strategy carried out systematically and systematically to achieve gender equality and justice in aspects of human life through policies and programs that take into account the experiences, aspirations, needs, and problems of women and men to empower women and men, starting from planning, preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation stages of all policies and activity programs in various areas of national and regional development life.In line with the definition put forward by the Indonesian National Commission on Violence Against Women, gender mainstreaming is a strategy built to integrate gender into an integral dimension of planning, budgeting, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of program policies and development activities.This strategy is very necessary to enable everyone, regardless of gender and background, to live and have their rights fulfilled in disaster management.Based on the results of previous research search analysis using VOS Viewer Bibliometrics, it can be seen that there is still a minimum of research that focuses on the influence of gender on disaster management.This research is important to be used as evaluation material and information about planning to strengthen the capacity of women against disasters in the Bantul district through Bantul BPBD.In addition, the last year of publication that examines the impact of gender on disaster management has been long enough and needs to be updated, the 2019 publication (Presetia et al., 2019); (Alfiana et al., 2023).The previous 5-year publication examined strategies for strengthening women (Marlina et al., 2017).
Therefore, this research will update existing research by raising the research topic of eliminating gender in handling natural disasters.This study focuses on planning studies to strengthen women's capacity to deal with natural disasters in Bantul Regency.This research aims to impact the community and government in the Bantul district positively.By conducting this research, is expected to make a substantial contribution to understanding and practices in the field of disaster management that can be better and more useful to the community.In this connection, BPBD district Bantul will more effectively strengthen women's role in coping with natural disasters.

METHODS
The method used in implementing the community service program in the Bantul district is planning to strengthen women's capacity in dealing with natural disasters in the Bantul district using a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach, which involves the entire community, from women's groups to men's groups.

Gender Target-Specific Planning
Special gender target planning is a budget that meets women's basic needs.In contrast, the planning allocation for basic needs for women is referred to as a special or gender-specific budget.This budget is very important in the disaster sector to meet women's needs pre-disaster and post-disaster.If women's needs are unmet, planning will not be realized properly.Women's basic needs become important when they are included in a vulnerable group during a natural disaster.Specific planning for gender analysis targets includes an in-depth analysis of the gender dynamics that influence a context.This includes understanding the role of gender in the distribution of budgets specifically for gender targets.
Mitigation or pre-disaster strategy steps for women's groups.According to (Leibo et al., 2015), the vulnerability of women in Bantul district as victims of disasters is because they often stay at home and are responsible for domestic tasks such as caring for children and managing the household or even not working.This makes them more vulnerable and disadvantaged victims.Apart from that, the disaster affected women in the Bantul district.Factors that cause this group of women to be categorized as a vulnerable group are the physical and social conditions of women, which influence their attitude toward remaining in disaster-prone areas, are unwilling to be relocated, and their education is low, so access to information about disasters is limited.
The context in this gender-specific planning research aims to meet women's needs before, before, and after a disaster occurs.Women's needs before, during a disaster and after a disaster must be separated because women's needs during a disaster are very different.In this case, the Bantul Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) provides the needs women's groups need during pre-disaster and post-disaster times.So that women's needs can be met.In pre-disaster, the Bantul Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) provides several women's needs, such as conducting outreach to women's groups when a disaster occurs, providing logistics and post-disaster, the Bantul Regency Disaster Management Agency provides rehabilitation to women groups and recovery for these women's groups.Pre-Disaster Identification The Bantul Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) provides a special budget for gender targets such as.This information is provided by providing an understanding of PUG strategies that are still unknown to women's groups.Next, socialize about disasters for women's groups on Tuesday, October 18, 2022, in Wukirsari Village.There were 30 participants in the socialization of the healthy family project that is responsive and resilient to natural disasters PKK women.This socialization and education was carried out by the Bantul Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency staff regarding the socialization of the healthy family project, responsive and resilient to natural disasters.The disaster material that has been presented will illustrate how important it is for women's groups to be prepared for natural disasters.Next, they carry out simulations or evacuate groups of women affected by natural disasters, and the regional disaster management agency (BPBD) of Bantul Regency also provides information about disasters for the community in Bantul Regency.disasters and providing support to women's groups and communities in need.
The regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) Bantul Regency runs the health team.Play a critical role in ensuring the welfare and health of affected communities when a disaster occurs.In emergencies, public and individual health is often the top priority, and the BPBD Health is at the forefront in providing medical services, injury care, and psychosocial support.This team is tasked with responding quickly, providing medical assistance, and planning and implementing effective health management efforts amidst environmental challenges and often difficult conditions.With in-depth medical knowledge, emergency skills, and solid collaboration, the BPBD Health team plays an important role in minimizing the health impact of disasters and supporting the recovery of affected communities.BPBD Bantul also said that community participation is needed to participate in help when a disaster occurs.Even the participation of women's groups when a disaster occurs is seen in the public kitchen area as a form of sensitivity provided.This is prepared in such a way with various plans to minimize casualties when a disaster occurs.The steps taken by BPBD Bantul, with a focus on the three things above, are considered to be the right steps and can cover many negative possibilities in the future.The BPBD Bantul's efforts to handle a disaster when a disaster occurs must be in line with community participation.Based on the research conducted, it was found that women's needs during predisaster, during a disaster, and post-disaster are still general.In general, what is meant is that the needs of women and men are the same without any differentiation or specialization for women.Women's needs are considered different from men's in general.In an interview with Wahyu Nurwasi Rofiah Sakti, as Staff for Prevention, Preparedness, and Post-Disaster Handling, he said that women's needs, such as sensitive needs, are often forgotten.Women's needs that are often forgotten are sanitary napkins, the lack of special women's toilets, and the lack of breastfeeding rooms.Based on this, it is considered that women's needs should receive special attention and can be followed up.However, something different came from the words of Antoni Hutagaol, S.T., as Head of the Emergency and Logistics Division, that women's needs do not have to be singled out because when a disaster occurs, it is an emergency event.From the three indicators above, it can be concluded that BPBD has an integral role in helping communities affected by disasters to get back on their feet and overcome the challenges they face; through coordinated rehabilitation, reconstruction, and recovery efforts, BPBD helps ensure that women's groups and local communities can continue their lives safely better while increasing resilience and preparedness to face the threat of disasters that might occur.This perspective also anticipates the emergence of new disasters, increasing the burden and impact of disasters felt by women, children, older people, and other vulnerable groups.In the context of gender mainstreaming, gender refers to social and cultural differences between women and men, which must be taken into account in planning, implementing, and evaluating gender mainstreaming policies, programs, and activities aimed at achieving gender equality and justice in various areas of human life.especially in the Bantul district, which has a high-risk index.The Bantul district is located on the southern edge of Java Island and has a history of vulnerability to disasters.Potential disaster risks in the Bantul district include: 1.The earthquake was in an active seismic zone, so the earthquakes were major earthquakes in 2006 that caused damage to local communities.
2. Floods and rainy seasons can cause floods and droughts, especially in steep areas.
And the farmland in the Bantul district is vulnerable to disasters.
3. Given its location on the south coast, the Bantul district also has a tsunami risk if there is a deep sea earthquake off the coast of Bantul.
4. Droughts, although some in areas that tend to be humid are also at risk of droughts during the long drought season, which can affect agriculture and the existing water supply in the Bantul district, causing drought.
5. Forest fires and land risk forest and land fires can also occur, especially during the rainy season.
With this, the Bantul district BPBD and the community prepare emergency response prevention efforts and provide socialization about hatred and planning in the framework of preparedness and risk reduction against disasters that may occur in the region.

Planning for Disaster Risk Reduction for Women
Women are a group vulnerable to disasters.The way to reduce the risk of disasters for women is by managing the risks in this vulnerable group.Risk managers in vulnerable groups will be more effective by involving them in disaster risk reduction activities because they will be more willing to explore their needs in depth so that disaster risk reduction policies and actions can be implemented without ignoring the needs of these vulnerable groups.When women participate in disaster risk reduction, it will be easier for women to recognize risks in their surrounding environment and be able to make preparedness plans if a disaster occurs; where women can also make the right decisions, understand how to save themselves, and can recover quickly when a disaster occurs.It's finished.In this case, reducing disaster risk for women will be more effective by involving them in participating in activities created by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), socialization reducing disaster risk and practices in managing disasters.And get benefits regarding disasters.
Context of planning for disaster risk reduction for women.The Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Bantul Regency carries out disaster risk reduction by carrying out disaster outreach to schools and villages prone to disasters in Bantul Regency, counseling, and training on disaster simulations, while when a disaster occurs, it carries out establishments.Emergency public kitchen, preparing logistics, and post-disaster carrying out psychological recovery for female victims who were traumatized when the disaster occurred.The Bantul Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) has tried to reduce disaster risk for women and carried out activities that reduce disaster risk for groups of women vulnerable to disasters in the Bantul district.In this case, disaster risk reduction planning for women in Bantul Regency has been implemented well.
Disaster risk reduction planning for women is an approach to maintaining their safety and welfare but also building communities that are more resilient and fair in the face of disasters.In formulating disaster risk reduction strategies, it focuses on women.
By actively involving women in planning and implementation, this strategy can achieve better resilience to unexpected threats for women's groups.

Planning Gender Equality in the Field of Hatred
Related Topics: In this case, gender equality planning can be fulfilled with the realization of ideal planning and the benefits for the field of gender equality planning.
Equality planning should be done to identify various issues about gender planning in the fields of hatred.Based on gender analysis, gaps in the relationship between men and women in access to power resources, participation, and control in decisionmaking, and benefits for gender justice, in this case, can be positioned in the conditions between males and females to obtain opportunities and rights as humans, guarantees and can participate in activities that have a balanced impact.
Women and men have different roles and responsibilities in the face of hatred by empowering women to play an active role in planning, decision-making, and implementation of disaster response measures, changing existing social dynamics, and creating a more catastrophic and disaster-resilient environment.
Access to women's empowerment in the management of hatred refers to gender equality by seeking the elimination of inequality and non-discrimination for women's In this case, women tend to have less access to preparation, mitigation, and rehabilitation for disasters (Aboobacker et al., 2011).This is because the access to information and mobility of women and children is more limited, making them more vulnerable in disaster situations.Vulnerability is a concept that is difficult to understand because it relates to various aspects of life (Enarson et al., 2009), so vulnerability to disasters must be treated together by the entire layer of society without exception.
Participation is an indicator that shows whether men and women are directly involved in managing natural disasters.Such as volunteers when a disaster occurs and according to a group of women to help in the public kitchen when it occurs disaster; in this case, the participation carried out by women during the disaster in the district of Bantul followed all the activities, including the female group itself, nor the male group.The contribution of this group of women can reduce the risk of vulnerability to women.
Control is an indicator that shows whether women can influence decisionmaking.The Regional Disaster Management Agency itself has involved women in making decisions such as meetings in disaster management and disaster preparedness, preparing preparedness policies, and regular meetings held by the Disaster Management Agency.Disaster (BPBD) Bantul Regency every month.
Benefit is an indicator that has a positive impact on women's groups such as disaster-stricken families created by the Districts Disaster Management Agency of Bantul district to carry out disaster family programs in villages that are vulnerable to natural disasters.In this case, the analysis that women can feel is knowing how to evacuate themselves when a disaster occurs and understanding hatred.The group of women understand self-preparation when disasters occur, and this can reduce the impact on natural disaster victims in planning gender equality in the field of hatred involving women's groups and the regional Disasters Management Agency (BPBD) of Bantul district.Give special attention to the needs, aspirations, and strong rights in facing disasters and building a resilient community.Through this gender health planning, the women's group increases accessibility and awareness of hatred to cope with disasters and promotes positive change for the women's group.

CONCLUSION
Based on the explanation and findings of the above analysis, it can be concluded that the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Bantul district in the management of gender planning strengthening the capacity of women in the field of abuse by performing several stages to make women participate in abuse activities and not referred to as a vulnerable group.It is also included in the group of women who have already participated in activities or programs made by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Bantul.Where a group of women can prepare for the needs needed in pre-disaster, disaster, or emergency response, women are also not less important, especially in providing food and clean water and post-catastrophe include roles in health services as well as rehabilitation and recovery.This analysis can explain that a group of women can know how to evacuate themselves in the event of a disaster and that the female group can also understand if there is hatred in the field of hatred.
In this case, women's groups should also be able to cooperate with male groups, and the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) can implement well that both women and men can do disaster management when natural disasters occur.There is no specialty between women and men in order not to cause gender equality in the field of hatred because women can also be followed in other fields as long as there is clear information and good benefits to the female group itself.This can affect those who are less knowledgeable in the field of abuse.This group is not referred to as a vulnerable

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Bibliometric analysis by VOS Viewer Source.Data processed using VOS Viewer, 2022

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Planning When a Disaster StrikesWhen a disaster occurs, the regional disaster management agency (BPBD) Bantul Regency has an important role in responding to communities affected by the disaster.One important aspect of BPBD is providing the logistics needed by affected communities.Logistics provided by the Disaster Management Agency usually cover various basic needs to meet daily needs and support recovery.Following are some of the logistics provided by BPBD during a disaster, namely clean water and food.BPBD usually provides ready-to-eat food or food packages for people who are isolated or have lost access to food sources.Apart from that, providing clean water is also a priority, especially in situations where the water supply is disrupted due to disasters.Evacuation places provided by the Bantul District Regional Disaster Management Agency are key in disaster management and response efforts.An evacuation site is a safe and comfortable location to accommodate people affected by

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Post-Disaster Planning Post-disaster consists of rehabilitation, recovery, reconstruction, and carrying out the emergency response stage during the disaster and the post-natural disaster stage groups.One of the efforts in strengthening women's capacity is the availability of access for women.Some examples are physical access made by the Bantul District Disaster Management Agency and non-physical examples made by the Bantul District Disaster Management Agency.
group.Research weaknesses This research has limitations on the author, as research has many weaknesses due to limitations on the author.Due to the lack of references, this research is not supported by adequate references because many other people have yet to research this phenomenon.Recommended for future researchers: It is recommended to increase the research area and time to obtain accurate research results.
They also formed a health team to provide medical and psychosocial services to disaster victims.BPBD encourages community participation, including women's groups, in disaster management.BPBD focuses on rehabilitation, reconstruction, and recovery during the post-disaster stage.They accompany women's and community groups and coordinate these efforts.Despite differences in views regarding women's needs, BPBD ensures that rehabilitation and recovery efforts cover sensitive needs such as sanitary napkins and special toilet facilities.BPBD plays an integral role in ensuring the recovery of local communities and increased preparedness for future disasters.

Table 1 .
Disaster risk index in Yogyakarta from 2015 to 2022In the table, the Bantul district occupies the first position with a high-risk class and a risk index of 167.97 in 2022.Kulon Progo was in the second position with a medium-risk class and a risk index of 157.94. the Gunung Kidul district occupies the third position with moderate risk and a risk index of 122.42.Sleman district was in fourth position with the risk grade and the medium index, which is 80.01; last, the city of Yogyakarta has a risk index of 69.46 and is also placed in the middle-risk class.The results of this ranking indicate that the Yogyakarta special area as a whole poses a high risk of natural disasters, both high and moderate risk.This emphasizes the importance of effective and responsive disaster management steps throughout the DIY region,