Logistic Basis for Organizing Weekend Recreation for the Population of the Arkhangelsk Urban Agglomeration

Weekend rest is an important part of a person's recreational cycle. Northerners need a good rest to maintain their health. The choice of a place for vacation is associated with restrictions on the time of movement, since its period should not be longer than 2–3 days. The purpose of the research is to select the most suitable transport areas for residents of the Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration, taking into account the landscape and tourist resources. Based on the study of vehicles and the geographical location of tourist services, three sectors were identified, limited by five–hour transport accessibility from the cities of the Arkhangelsk agglomeration. The most promising for priority development is the southern sector, the centers of which can be the villages of Kholmogory and Emetsk. Excursion, relaxation, ecological and sports tourism can be offered there at any time of the year. The transit position of the main roads of the region gives this sector the advantages of attracting tourists from other regions. The western and eastern sectors have significant recreational potential, but their use is constrained by poor transport accessibility. The western sector with the center in the city of Onega is promising for the development of seaside relaxation tourism in summer and sports tourism in winter. The eastern sector with two centers in the villages of Pinega and Karpogory is promising for ecological, sports and excursion tourism throughout the year.


Introduction
Holiday rest (weekend tourism, suburban tourism, weekend) is the most important component of a person's weekly recreational cycle. Possibilities of spending a short break at the end of the week depend on good transport accessibility of potential destinations. Well-organized tourist infrastructure in an attractive recreational area provides additional opportunities for its touristic use not only for weekend rest, but also for quarterly and annual recreational cycles. The necessity to organize holiday rest is an important task to improve the standard of living in uncomfortable conditions of the Arctic. The problem of choosing a recreation place for residents of the Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration became especially relevant during the quarantine of 2020, when the possibilities of moving to other regions of Russia and the world were officially limited. Low population density, small number of roads and long distances between settlements in the Arkhangelsk region limit the choice of possible places for short-term rest to several traditional destinations near Arkhangelsk. But a good rest requires a change of scenery. Given that holiday tours generally cover 2-3 days (from Friday to Monday), well-organized logistics is an important condition for the development of such tourism [1].
In 2020, another concept for the development of tourism in the Arkhangelsk region was adopted. It indicates the prospective tourist zones, the main regional trends, the priority tourism activities proposed for the region 1 . However, there is no mention of weekend tourism in it. In our opinion, for the Arkhangelsk region, with its remoteness from the main centers of tourist flows, territorial disunity of attractive recreational facilities, the tourism development strategy should be associated, first of all, with local residents -consumers of the local tourist product. In this regard, weekend tourism is the most promising form of tourism.
Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop a strategy for choosing tourist destinations for short-term vacations, taking into account the recreational attractiveness and transport accessibility for the population of the Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration.

Materials and methods
Approaches to the study of weekend tourism (suburban tourism) are presented in the article of E.S. Vopilova [2]. The issues of organizing such recreation for residents of the Arkhangelsk agglomeration are discussed in the work of I.A. Potapov, A.S. Bezborodov [3]. These authors limit the area suitable for suburban tourism to a distance of 2-3 hours from the locations of tourism flows formation. This is due to the fact that this territory, called the "suburban area", is adjacent to the outer boundaries of the agglomeration, determined by hour and a half transport accessibility from the center to the periphery during commuting [4]. Weekend recreation areas are now expanding beyond the suburban areas and are being developed in relatively remote areas [5]. With the improvement of transport accessibility (increased speed of travel, use of new modes of transport, increased comfort for night crossings), the border of weekend tourists movement can be postponed, conditionally limited by transport accessibility up to 8 hours [6]. We believe that with the existing transport geography of the Arkhangelsk region, the boundaries of the weekend recreation zone are at a distance of five hours of transport accessibility from the center of the agglomeration. Depending on the mode of transport used, this distance can be covered faster or slower, but it is not tiring for short-term rest.
Our research is based on materials obtained from the study of landscape preferences in choosing a recreation place of residents of the Arkhangelsk region [7]. Typical and unique landscapes of the northern part of the Arkhangelsk region were selected (this is the territory of the Arkhangelsk agglomeration), and on the basis of a sociological survey of potential tourists, the most attractive of them in aesthetic and emotional terms were identified. These were landscapes with water (rivers, lakes, sea), hills, karst and vegetation. The survey involved 50 people aged 18 to 55; they were offered 15 photographic scenes of landscapes in the north of the Arkhangelsk region.
The respondents rated these scenes on a 7-point scale. The areas of greatest interest to respondents were landscapes of forest rivers and lakes (of considerable width and mirror area), seascapes, territories with morainic terrain and limestone cliffs of Pinega [7].
We compared the geographical distribution of such landscapes and transport routes in the territory logistically accessible for weekend tourism for the population of the Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration. After that, we examined the transport and geographical position of settlements that can be used as support centers for serving tourists. The distance from tourist accommodation to tourist facilities during weekend rest is limited not only by the time but also by the cost of travel. Therefore, as a criterion for the profitability of the transport and geographical location of the support centers for serving tourists, we used the material and time costs of potential tourists when moving from Arkhangelsk (the center of the agglomeration) to these settlements. We expressed the assessment of the time and cost of travel to the place of rest in points ( Table 1). The sum of points at which the travel time and cost of regular flights were evaluated is a general indicator of the material and time expenditure of tourists. Since the territories differ in terms of tourist potential, we analyzed their possibilities for organizing recreational activities and identified a priority tourist specialization. Weekend tourism programs can include: relaxation tourism, excursion tourism, ecological tourism, sports tourism, rural tourism. We studied the current state of the tourist infrastructure within the transport accessibility for potential tourists of the Arkhangelsk agglomeration and identified the problems and advantages for the development of the tourist business in different areas of the territory under study. As a result of the research, we have identified the most promising places for the development of weekend tourism.

Results and discussion
The territory available for weekend tourism for residents of the urban agglomeration is limited by transport accessibility along the main highways departing from its centers. The Arkhangelsk region is characterized by a low density of roads (the density of highways is 11.4 km per 1000 km 2 , of railways -3 km per 1000 km 2 ).
The Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration with a population of 570 thousand people (2020) is located in the north of the Arkhangelsk region. It includes Arkhangelsk, Novodvinsk, Severodvinsk cities and rural settlements located between them. Historically, the agglomeration core is Arkhangelsk. Novodvinsk originated from a remote area of Arkhangelsk as a result of separation from it.
Severodvinsk, due to its military-industrial specialization, was originally a closed city, but after the abolition of this status, it became another agglomeration core. Independent recreation areas were formed around each city, representing gardening associations. Since some residents of the agglomeration come from suburban villages, their rest is associated with their "small homeland". A few departmental recreation centers and pioneer camps within the boundaries of the agglomera-tion were owned by several enterprises. The only sanatorium "Belomor'e" is located at the southern border of the agglomeration. Most of these recreation centers have ceased to function. The "Belomorye" sanatorium in the Primorskiy District and the "Kiyskiy" rest house in the Onega District are still operating. They usually focus on an annual recreational cycle, but sometimes offer weekend tours. We do not consider them in this article. Thus, the weekend rest for the majority of Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration residents was originally represented by a dacha (or country) recreation.
Currently, the preferences of citizens in choosing a weekend rest have changed. With the increase in mobility and material capabilities, new requirements for places of rest have emerged.
One can get from the cities of the Arkhangelsk agglomeration (Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Novodvinsk) to potential recreation areas within a five-hour transport accessibility in five directions.
These are the federal highway M-8, routing from the agglomeration to the south, the Arkhangelsk -Vologda railway, also directed to the south, the Arkhangelsk -Karpogory railway and the Ar-  Space-time costs of travelling to places of rest in the above-mentioned centers of each sector of the weekend recreation area are expressed in points ( Table 2). The lower the point, the lower the travel cost.

Provision of recreational facilities for tourists in sectors of holiday area
We have analyzed the proposals for tourists' accommodation, which are offered on the official tourist portal of the Arkhangelsk region, as well as from some tour operators. Common features of accommodation facilities that can be used for weekend tourists (as well as for longer vacations and not only for residents of the Arkhangelsk agglomeration) are their small capacity.
Small hotels and tourist centers prevail, many of which are more consistent with the status of a guest house ( Table 3). Most of the hotels and hostels do not have a "star" certification. One of the reasons for this is the inconsistency with modern standards, small number of rooms, lack of amenities in the room and the minimum list of services provided to guests. Some accommodation facilities operate only during the warm season. There are few classic country hotels. Most of the accommodation facilities are designed for group or family visits. Bathhouses, barbecue, fishing (hunting) are among the attractions that owners of accommodation facilities can offer to tourists.
Such approach to the recreation organization limits the contingent of potential tourists and deprives the opportunity of choice. As the table 3  lakes in a small distance from the city will help to realize the recreational cycles of agglomeration residents. The impetus for the development of the western sector of the weekend tourism zone will be the resumption of railway passenger traffic from Arkhangelsk to Onega and the improvement of quality of the Onega tract coverage. This will help to make sector destinations more accessible. The prospects for the western sector are in the development of seaside relaxation tourism, since this is the most favorable place for such a vacation in the Arkhangelsk region. At the same time, it is possible to implement not only a weekly, but also an annual recreational cycle. It is successfully carried out in the oldest operating recreation center Kiyskiy, which is located there.
Since seaside tourism is in seasonal demand, it would be advisable to disperse the number of rooms in mini-hotels and guest houses in summer cottages on the coast of Onega Bay. Winter tourism is associated with the existing ski complex. There is a potential for the creation of other similar complexes in this area. The eastern sector of the weekend tourism zone is distinguished by the existence of two centers, the availability of which is non-competitive. One can get to Karpogory by passenger train, to Pinega -only by bus. At the same time, the only road by which one can get from the Arkhangelsk agglomeration has a poor quality of coverage. The prospects for this sector are related to the complete reconstruction of the road to Karpogory. The development impulse is possible with the extension of the railway from Karpogory to the Komi Republic, which will make this territory a transit area and expand the circle of potential tourists. For the eastern sector, ecological, excursion and rural tourism, excursions to the neighboring southern sector will be promising.

Conclusion
As a result of the study, it was found out that the territory where it is advisable to develop weekend recreation for the population of the Arkhangelsk urban agglomeration is limited by a five-hour transport accessibility line along five highways: the M8 highway (final point -Dvinskoy Therefore, measures are needed to improve their transport accessibility for tourists. In this case the advantages of the western sector as a center of seaside relaxation tourism, and the eastern one as a center for ecological and sports tourism can be fully exploited.
Thus, as a supplement to the adopted concept of tourism development in the Arkhangelsk region, the cluster "Weekend tourism" should be added. Its resource base will be the southern sector of the weekend recreation area allocated by us, including the Kholmogory district with transport accessibility along the M-8 highway. As an alternative weekend rest, short-term cruises along the Northern Dvina, the White Sea, rail trips, which are becoming popular in the world and are well within the time frame of a given tourist destination, can be offered [6,9,10].