Transformation of the Socio-Economic Space of the Russian Arctic in the Context of Geopolitics, Macroeconomics, and Internal Factors of Development 

. The purpose of the article is to review scientific ideas about the transformation of the Russian Arctic's socio-economic space in the context of geopolitics, macroeconomics, and intraregional factors of development. This review's significance is determined by the fundamental problems that accompany the development of the Russian Arctic, the growing importance of this territory for the national economy. These contradictions' objectivity is confirmed, which naturally indicated the shortcomings of economic theory, which does not allow us to solve these contradictions. For example, the contradiction between the high costs of functioning of the economy, social sphere and the need to raise the level of socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic; between the tasks of increasing the exploitation of resources and the requirements of the environment, etc., that is, what objectively makes it challenging to solve the problem of sustainable development of the Arctic. However, the numerous scientific studies considered, correlated with transformations in politics, economy, and demography, allowed us to assert that ideas have their driving force, influence, and provide transformational processes in the Arctic. The specificity and the strong influence of geopolitics on socio-economic transformations in the Russian Arctic are identified, but at the same time, the significance of the manifestation of expansionism as an internal human need for settlement, fame, and wealth is emphasized, which also ensures the development of the Arctic. Systemic changes are identified, socio-economic trends in the Russian Arctic are presented, which allowed us to establish the positive impact of modern policy on the development of the Russian Arctic, which marks a trend of re-ducing demographic losses. The prospects for the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic are considered, taking into account the current situation of the coronary crisis, internal transformation processes, the influence of politics.


Introduction
This article differs not only in external massive characteristics (significant volume, the of national knowledge bases (banks), including journals and their collections", in this case due to financial support through the RFBR competition "Expansion".
We emphasize the internal logic, structure and explanatory value of the "expansion" semantics for the presentation and development of Arctic problems. Let us recall that, in a general sense, expansion in the Russian language is traditionally associated with the logic of the development of living organisms, characterizing their ability to spread in space beyond their original habitat. However, this concept is often used not in biology, but in the social sciences, extrapolating the initial essence and the desire to spread living things in space to social processes. In recent years, world science has been considering the phenomenon of expansion much broader than the traditional representation of the social sciences, that is, more than a certain, albeit significant, but just a component of the politics of countries, regions, social groups, etc. Expansion is now presented as an independent social phenomenon that determines the course of history, the specifics of civilizational dynamics, the development of individual territories, in particular -the territory of the Arctic [1,Shaptalov B.N., p. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].
A characteristic feature of the policy of expansionism is the combination of spontaneous, natural processes with purposeful, conscious actions to spread meanings, symbols, value orientations, etc. on the basis of a verified, scientifically grounded technology of such distribution. In many respects, the history of the development of economic thought is associated precisely with the formation of a theory that provides an effective technology for such distribution. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the work of Mark Blaug, which should be read with special attention, since it contains not only a verified history of economic thought, but also an important contexta strong grasp of a critical understanding of the theory from the standpoint of changing views of politics, considered on the basis of a thorough economic analysis of data [2,Blaug M.,[444][445][549][550][551][552]. Of particular interest is the separation of theoretical approaches and even schools to the study of the manifestation of expansionism in the Arctic by the media [3, Padrtovaab B., p. 37].
The socio-economic space of the Arctic is a world of expansionism, to some extent even larger than the rest of the territories: due to the decisive influence of politics on public life because of obvious limitations in realizing the potential of internal self-development against the background of the geopolitical significance of the Arctic. Thus, social and economic development in the Arctic is inconceivable outside the context of the policy of expansionism. That is why the key place in the thematic journal "Arctic and North" is occupied by the issues of settlement processes in the North and the Arctic, illustrating the processes of biological, social and cultural expansion, issues of economic growth, politics and management, illustrating economic and political expansion.
Reflection of the results of the expansionism manifestation is in the transformational dynamics. The purpose of this study is an overview of the transformation of the socio-economic space of the Russian Arctic in the context of geopolitics, macroeconomics, taking into account the influence of intraregional development factors.
The fundamental scientific significance and, at the same time, the practical relevance of the proposed review is determined by the fundamental nature of the problem, consisting in the contradiction between the strengthening of the geopolitical and economic significance of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) and the simultaneous increase in the socio-economic problems of these territories, accompanied by an increase in the structural imbalances of the economy, backwardness characteristics of the life quality of the population in comparison with non-northern territories, objective factors pushing the population and business out of the Arctic Achieving the objective involves answering three questions, which are presented as research tasks.

Review of the current state of research on transformational dynamics in the Arctic
Issues related to socio-economic, political transformations, governance in the Arctic are currently in the focus of discussions around the world among politicians, public administration, scientists, and business structures. This is due to the growing strategic importance of the Arctic, which indicated a clear trend in the transformation of political and related economic relations in the Arctic. It is even possible to say that the transformations of political and economic relations in the Arctic are some kind of indicator of changes in world politics. So, in recent years, a significant place in world studies has been given to the analysis of the transfer of power, interests, opportunities for the implementation of tasks in the Arctic by countries and regions of the world, including those that are not traditional "Arctic" powers. Researchers from European countries emphasize the need for "collective management" of the Arctic. "At the moment, we need to focus on the importance of international geopolitical relations, aimed at comprehensive cooperation in the European Union, which will allow the collective management of the Arctic" [10,Danilo V.,p. 50]. Increased attention is paid to discussing the attention to the Arctic of actively developing Asian countries with an emphasis on Sino-Russian relations. It is noted that a powerful factor of economic growth marked the transition of political and economic power to China. Responsibly, the rhetoric has also changed. So, earlier China positioned the Arctic as a common heritage of mankind, and now it calls itself an "almost Arctic" country [11,Gjedssø B., Galluccib V., p. 240; 12, Anosova L.A., Trigubenko M.E., Lezhenina T.V., Nguyen K.Kh., Yakovlev A.A., p. . It is obvious that the current conditions of the pandemic will significantly change the alignment of world forces and significantly strengthen China's claims to the Arctic, including the continuation of active investment in the largest Russian Arctic projects.
So far, no one can reliably assess how deep the changes in the global alignment of forces will be, how great China's claims to the Arctic will be, what is the role of Russian-Chinese relations in this, and how exactly the Arctic space is being transformed in this renewed reality. However, there is no doubt that these changes will have the most significant impact on the politics and national economy of Russia. Thus, Russia is characterized by the longest coastline in the Arctic among all five coastal states that share Arctic territories. The Arctic is a geostrategic territory for Russia due to the huge reserves of minerals, which enhances its strategic importance in the long term. In Russia, the increased importance of the Arctic issues is naturally reflected by the declared priorities of ensuring the processes of sustainable socio-economic development, enshrined in the We believe that this inconsistency is explained by two main factors. The first factor was named by academician Minakir P.A. "strategic dead ends". The essence of the deadlock is a conflict of goals, objectives, mechanisms declared in the national strategy of spatial development of the Russian Federation with the postulates of the theory of spatial development and regional strategies [15, p. 967]. As a result, the macroeconomic situation does not contribute to the confi-dent development of the industrial sector, which is especially problematic for the old industrial Note that the analysis of research cannot be concentrated specifically on the AZRF due to the fact that this zone actually stood out as an object of management only in 2016, but a much wider zone -the North of Russia as an object of research and management, including the territory of the modern AZRF, has a long the history of transformational dynamics, including the management system and the corresponding policy [17, Skufina T.P., pp. [17][18][19]. It was this policy that was able to ensure during the USSR the development of not only the economy, but also high standards So, secondly, these are studies focused on the formation of a policy that determines the specifics of the life of the economy and social sphere of the North and the Arctic.
The increased geopolitical attention to the northern territories, as well as the developed nature of the economies of all foreign circumpolar countries (i.e., sufficient economic opportunities) predetermine the relative commonality of strategic priorities aimed at shaping policies that ensure sustainable development. The model of this sustainable development is understood in many ways, including rational nature management, environmental protection, the human dimension and international cooperation at the regional and global levels [21,Korchak E Still, the vast majority of researchers take a pragmatic position -to provide scientific support for the implementation of state policy in order to achieve the declared task of integrated socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic as a single macro-project as a single planning object. The significance of this task is associated with national security, which is determined by at least two factors: firstly, the resources of the Russian Arctic are the main source of filling the country's budget; secondly, the task of the complex socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic cannot but be set as a basic guideline for policy in the Arctic due to the necessary synchronization with global processes. Such a pragmatic position of providing scientific support for the management of the AZRF is being implemented actively and on a large scale, characterized by its complexity and interdisciplinarity [37,Laverov N Summing up, the diversity, ambiguity, controversy of research results concerning socioeconomic transformations, politics and management in the Russian Arctic Zone can be noted again. However, it is possible to single out general theses of governance and geopolitics concerning the priorities of maintaining geopolitical stability, the declaration of sustainable development priorities, responding to the challenges of climate change, ensuring international cooperation, and the demand for scientific support of social and economic processes in the Arctic. At the same time, these theses break down on "political inability" in terms of Heininen Lassi [48, p. 195]. Therefore, in order to clarify the answers to the questions posed by us, we propose to consider the socioeconomic transformations in the Russian Arctic in the context of the declared policy reflecting the geopolitical situation, macroeconomic tasks, and regional development conditions. In fact, the need to take into account the specifics of the North in regional policy is re-  (table 1). Table 1 The population of the regions, the territories of which are fully included in the AZRF, thousand people 1 . Region 1925Region 1940Region 1950Region 1960Region 1970Region 1980Region 1990Region 1995  At the same time, our studies indicate a rather high prevalence of migration sentiments among the population of the Arctic territories. Moreover, studies show that this is a consequence of insufficient consideration of the Arctic specifics in the formation of an all-Russian social policy.  (table 2). It is obvious that in the near future this creates significant risks to the stability of the economy of the Arctic region -the Murmansk oblast (Table 2).  Arctic ..., pp. [9][10][11][12][13][14]. The need for integration with foreign partners is determined by both the need for financial resources and the need for technologies due to the lack of proprietary technologies to ensure the development of Arctic projects, especially in the shelf zone. This is the main risk of the implementation of the model of sustainable development of the Arctic, which makes it expedient to consider the prospects for the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic, taking into account the presented current situation, the genetics of transformation processes, the influence of geopolitics.

On the prospects for the AZRF development
The prospects for the development of the AZRF cannot be considered outside the context of today's reality -a crisis that for the first time in modern history has a non-economic nature. Considerable attention is paid to the development of science and education, both directly in the Russian Arctic and in the Arctic territories to provide the economy with personnel, including highly qualified personnel.
The second scenario is a reduction in economic activity in the Russian Arctic due to the external conjuncture of prices for the main export products of this territory, or due to the introduction of additional sanctions limiting the possibilities for the development of deposits and their economic feasibility, the curtailment of planned facilities in the field of processing, tourism, etc. In this case, an increase in the migration outflow of the economically active population is expected, as well as a corresponding reduction in the scientific and educational infrastructure. The policy is aimed at strengthening the role of the state in helping organizations and citizens adapt to negative long-term consequences. A separate task is to provide the growing social problems, including the mono-settlements of the Arctic, with less financial resources.
Obviously, the two vectors presented are polar, and, taking the multivariance into account, are unlikely to be realized in practice in their pure form. However, they will be present to some extent in the future precisely because of their polarity.

Conclusion
Summing up, the review study presented has achieved its objective and provided a substantiated response to the questions raised. Thus, a series of concernings regarding the development of the Arctic has been confirmed. For example, the contradiction provided by the inadequacy of the Arctic policy -well named by Heininen Lassi as "political inability" -whenever it is required to find a compromise between the requirements of ecology and economics, between the requirements of sustainable development of the adjacent territory and their own national development goals, etc.
Another example is the contradiction characteristic of the capitalist economy, which complicates the Arctic, continue to push the population and business out of this territory. The prospects for the development of the Russian Arctic are associated with two factors. Firstly, how successfully the legislation being formed, aimed at increasing the level of socio-economic development of the Arctic, will cope with these objective problems. Secondly, the extent to which the coronocrisis will distort the current forecasts and development plans of the Russian Arctic. The answer to this question is unknown. But the future of the Arctic can depend on it.