Comparative Assessment of Innovative Development of the Far North Regions

The paper deals with the assessment of the level of innovative development of the Northern regions. Based on the data of the annual rating of innovative economies, performed by Bloomberg, a comparative analysis of the rating of innovative economies in the Nordic countries is presented. It is noted that Russia has been consistently ranked 25–27 in the last four years, although in 2016, it was in the 12th place. An overview analysis of methodological approaches and methods for assessing the level of innovative development of a region in Russia is carried out. On the basis of statistical data on the composite integral index, a comparative assessment of the level of innovative development of 17 regions of the Far North of the Russian Federation for 2017 is carried out, and the corresponding ranks are analyzed separately for 5 subindices of thematic blocks: socio-economic conditions, scientific and technical potential, innovation activity, export activity and the quality of regional innovation policy. The study shows a significant difference between the regions of the Far North of the Russian Federation in terms of the level of innovative development. In five subjects of the Far North of the Russian Federation, the values of the composite innovation index are higher than the average for the Russian Federation. Different positions occupied by regions are also observed in the rankings for individual sub-indices. The results of such ratings make it possible to assess the comparative advantages and disadvantages of specific regions for further consideration in the program documents on their innovative development.


Introduction
Today, the economies of many countries and Russia are focused on innovative development, and the issues of assessing the level of innovative development of regions are topical. Assessment of the innovative potential of the region on the basis of constant monitoring of changes in its indicators is a necessary tool for determining the level of development of the innovative component of the regional economy and making various organizational and managerial decisions by local government authorities.
Currently, various methods and models for assessing the level of innovative region development (IRD) are proposed in Russia [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Despite numerous studies in this area, there is no uniform approach to assessing the innovation index [9,Mityakov S According to the authors [1, Barinova V.A., Zemtsov S.P., p. 116], the assessment of the level of innovative development of the region can be carried out only through the assessment of the contribution of the scientific and technological component to the growth of the gross regional product, other assessments suggest only the determination of the region's potential for the creation and implementation of new knowledge and technologies.
According to Lisina A.N. [6, p. 115], the main problem in determining the level of innovation development of a region is the lack of a scientifically grounded, necessary and sufficient number of indicators to assess the effectiveness of regional innovation processes. The analysis of management requirements shows that in order to improve the efficiency of management decisions in the innovation sphere, it is necessary to identify 15-20 indicators, on the basis of which the IRD is calculated. There is also a proprietary methodology for the rapid assessment of IRD based on the Triple Helix model, which makes it possible to perform a comparative econometric assessment of the level of IRD, as well as the contribution of the scientific and educational complex, business and the state to the overall innovative development of an economic entity according to their minimum key statistical indicators in the field of scientific and innovative activities [10,Egorov N  According to the results of the rating of innovative economies, carried out annually by the Bloomberg Agency, Germany, South Korea, Singapore, Switzerland and Sweden are the five leading countries 7 . This rating shows the general ability to develop innovative technologies in each state based on the analysis of dozens of criteria in seven categories: research and development, value-added production, productivity, high technology density, higher education efficiency, research concentration, patent activity. Among the Nordic countries, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and the United States are included in the TOP-10 innovative economies of the world in 2020 (Table 1).
Over the past four years, Russia has been consistently occupying 25-27 positions, although in 2016 it was in the 12th place. As it is known, the key indicator of the effectiveness of innovative activities of an economic entity is the indicator "The proportion of innovative goods, works, services in the total volume of shipped goods, performed works, services". The dynamics of changes in this indicator among the northern countries of Europe for 2007-2017 is shown in Fig. 1.      (Table 2).

Results and Discussion
The rating of innovative development of the regions of the FNRF for 2017 is presented in Table 3.  According to the NRU HSE methodology, the regions occupying ranks 12-45 (7 subjects) are in group 2, which is inferior to the leader of the rating -Moscow -in terms of RRII by more than 20%, but no more than 40%. In the third group lagging behind in terms of CII from the first in the rating of the region by more than 40%, but not more than 60%, there were 8 subjects Murmansk (0.3521) oblasts, which generally occupy relatively high places in the "Social economic conditions "(see Table 3).     In the ranking according to the "Export activity" sub-index, the Murmansk Oblast is by far the leader (0.4647), taking the 6th place in the overall rating of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The Krasnoyarsk Krai (0.3975), Irkutsk (0.3707), Tyumen (0.3428) and Sakhalin (0.3151) oblasts are also located above the average value of this index in the Russian Federation (0.2935) (Fig. 7). It should be noted that in terms of "Export of goods and services" the Murmansk oblast takes the third position and is included in the TOP-10 successful regions of the first group of regions. The main contribution to its rating success was made by non-resource exports in the field of innovation.