Axiological Preferences of Residents of the Karelian Arctic in the Modern Sociocultural Situation

. The study aims to identify the hierarchy of value dominants in the axiosphere of the Karelian Arctic residents, which has developed under the influence of natural, social, economic, and cultural-historical factors. The methodology used is complex and includes sociological, economic questionnaires, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. The study’s cameral stage is based on an analysis of the empirical stage results conducted during a comprehensive scientific expedition of scientists of Petrozavodsk State University to two Arctic regions of Karelia in the summer of 2019. The most important in the study is the cross-cultural approach, based on comparing the results of a survey of respondents - the Karelian Arctic residents with the “general cultural profile” of S. Schwartz and identifying the level of validity of the applied psychological methodology. During the study, the author’s hypothesis about features in the axiological preferences of the inhabitants of the Arctic zone at the level of dominant indicators is confirmed. At the stage of analysis and synthesis of the empirical stage results, the relationship of preserving human capital in the Arctic regions of Karelia with the identified value dominants of residents’ health and safety is established. Special attention is paid to the influence of the current socio-cultural situation on the formation of the axiosphere of the inhabitants of the Arctic zone, and the conclusion is also made about the need for an integrated scientific approach in determining the prospects for the development of society in the Arctic regions.


Introduction
The study of the value preferences of contemporaries has become an urgent scientific topic in the humanities of the 20th century. The famous methods of studying the values of M. Rokich, A. Maslou, R. Inglehart, S. Schwartz and others were tested on a large scale [1,Schwartz S., by the end of the last century. These axiological studies were applied to individual societies, countries and cultures, covering large territories and communities of people. Some researchers, such as R. Inglehart [2], built a kind of axiological chronotope with respect to a specific society (for example, Russian before and after perestroika revolution), which made it possible to trace the dynamics of value preferences over a certain period of time. However, there is very little axiological research on the inhabitants of such sparsely populated areas as the Arctic (in particular the Russian Arctic), both at the turn of the century and in modern science.
Nevertheless, both in the Russian and in the international scientific community it is now recognized that sustainable development of the Arctic region is impossible without ensuring the social well-being of residents, as evidenced by the "Fundamentals of State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic Zone up to 2035" 1 adopted in 2020. In the "Fundamentals", as well as in many modern concepts (for example, in V.P. Fedorov's megaproject "Give the Arctic!" [3]), the task of increasing the population of the Russian Arctic (including through labor migration) and improving living conditions of the inhabitants of the region is updated. However, the implementation of this large-scale and complex task requires not only knowledge of the natural, climatic and economic characteristics of the territory, but also understanding of the psychological characteristics of local residents, which are reflected in their value priorities. The author of this study assumes that the value sphere of the Arctic inhabitants, as a special natural-climatic and socio-economic zone, has its own specific characteristics, which can be analyzed on the basis of obtaining empirical data. An interdisciplinary analysis of the empirical data obtained on the identified axiological preferences of the inhabitants of the Arctic can be practically used in the preparation of specific programs for the regions on economic, medical, educational and socio-cultural development.
Research interest in this topic in modern humanities is relevant from the point of view of political science, conflictology, economics, sociology. Thus, individual economic studies on the territory of the Russian Arctic were associated with axiological topics. For example, Maksimov A.M., Ukhanov A.V. considered the socio-cultural component of entrepreneurial potential in the Arctic regions of Russia (Arkhangelsk Oblast and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), linking it with the personal value dominants. "The authors of the article formulated a hypothesis that there is a specific set of values characteristic of individuals with a high propensity for entrepreneurship and distinguishing them from the rest of the population of a certain territory" [4, Maksimov A.M., Ukhanova A.V., p. 736]. However, the hypothesis put forward, according to the authors, was not confirmed in the course of the study, and it turned out that entrepreneurs "do not differ from the rest of the population in terms of value orientations" [4, p. 739]. The reasons for the negative verification of their hypothesis, according to scientists, are the universal human significance of terminal and instrumental values for all respondents, probably the weak sensitivity of the Rokeach method to cultural differences, as well as the influence of globalization processes on contemporaries. This experience shows how closely economic research can be connected with the study of the value orientations of respondents and how difficult the analysis of empirical data is.
However, the culturological approach to the study of value preferences assumes a complex character, as it is due to a number of interrelated problems. Firstly, it is the problem of the influence of topos (literally: places) on the formation of the axio-sphere (value sphere) of the respondents. Secondly, it is the problem of preserving human capital on the territory of the Russian Arctic plex structured system of a hierarchical type, which, despite its constant variability, is a stable motivator of human activity. Thus, the value dominants in the axiosphere of the personality direct individual's activity into an active channel, forming his way of life and his own human capital. The analysis of the axiosphere of the Karelian Arctic inhabitants, taking into account the stated problems, was possible thanks to the comprehensive scientific expedition of the Humanitarian Park of the leading university of the Republic of Karelia -Petrozavodsk State University -in July 2019 to Loukhskiy and Kemskiy municipal districts belonging to the territory of the Arctic zone.

Research methodology
The scientific research was carried out in two stages in 2019-2020. The first stage of collecting empirical material for a comprehensive study was carried out among the full-aged residents of the two indicated areas. The comprehensive methodology used the Schwartz questionnaire, in-depth interviews, focus groups and questionnaires. Since the cross-cultural approach presupposes a comprehensive study of the socio-cultural situation [5,Suvorova I.M.], the study included the tools of sociology, economics, history (factor analysis, self-education questionnaire, "Labor motivation" questionnaire and others).
The second stage of cameral processing of the obtained empirical data included generalization and analysis of a complex nature, taking into account the influence of the sociocultural situation on the personal value preferences of the respondents, as well as the use of a cross-cultural approach in assessing the validity of the "general cultural profile" according to the method of Sh.

Schwartz.
The respondents included 130 residents of cities and villages of Loukhskiy and Kemskiy districts, aged 18 to 68, of which 97% were workers. The number of selected respondents corresponds to a representative ratio of 100 respondents per 20.000 inhabitants. Since the project of the Humanitarian Park "Ways of preserving human capital as an urgent problem of the Republic of Karelia" assumed the study of working citizens, the overwhelming majority of respondents were from among those employed in various social spheres and industries.

The influence of the Arctic specifics on the value dominants of its inhabitants
Despite the fact that the Arctic, as one of the most climatically vulnerable regions of the world, has become the subject of active scientific research, it is still "the focus of numerous and not fully understood processes and feedbacks operating in the climate system with participation of air masses, sea ice, specific stratification of the Arctic Ocean, cryosphere and terrestrial biota"

The problem of the modern socio-cultural situation influence on the formation of value orientations of the inhabitants of the Karelian Arctic
The socio-cultural situation in the Karelian Arctic has significant differences from other re- In Loukhskiy district, among the values in demand at both levels, respondents also indicated universalism in addition to kindness and safety, which, according to Sh. Schwartz's method, presupposes harmony with people and nature, and universal well-being. It can be assumed that, living far from all urbanized centers, the inhabitants of this Arctic region value their harmony with the harsh northern nature, feeling this direct connection every day. This assumption is confirmed by the analysis of the questionnaire on work motivation, where 71% of respondents indicated that they spend their free time fishing, hunting and relaxing in nature with their family.

Conclusion
Thus, the comparison of the axiosphere of the Karelian Arctic inhabitants with the "general cultural profile" of Sh. Schwartz confirmed the validity of this method in the Kemskiy district by 66%, and in the Loukhskiy district by 83%. This result shows that the value preferences of the Arctic region inhabitants have significant differences from the "general cultural profile", which, according to the author of the methodology, is characteristic of all modern ethnic groups and cultures. This axiological difference is due to a number of natural-climatic and socio-economic problems. Consequently, it confirmed the idea that a person feels unprotected, at the same time feeling danger and adapting to this danger (47% of respondents indicated the absence of stress as the main factor affecting health) in the conditions of the Arctic zone and even today, in conditions of developed technologies. It becomes clear that in the era of globalization processes, the Arctic zone requires a special attitude both in the ecological, economic, political and social directions. In practical terms, the results of this study show that health-preserving programs are especially relevant in the Arctic, which will involve not only modern medical technologies, but also a developed physical culture and sports infrastructure. In the long term, the satisfied need for preserving health can increase the level of personal safety of the Arctic inhabitants, which will qualitatively affect the behavior model and lifestyle of people. In general, the conducted cross-cultural study showed that the problem of preserving human capital in the territory of the Karelian Arctic is essentially reflected in the axiological preferences of its inhabitants, and the solution to this problem is possible only with an integrated scientific approach taken into account.