The Observatory of Finno-Ugric Indigenous Peoples in the Republic of Karelia 

. The article deals with the potential rights implementation assessment for the Karelians, the Vepsians, and the Finns — indigenous minorities and ethnic (national) minorities in the Republic of Karelia. The purpose of the article is to form an observational passport of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Republic of Karelia (i.e., the Vepsians, the Karelians, and the Finns), which would record the varying degrees of satisfaction of the indigenous small-numbered population of the Republic with the results of the policy pursued. The subject of this article is the peculiarities of the potential rights implementation Kareli-ans, Vepsians, and Finns - indigenous peoples and ethnic (national) minorities of Karelia. As part of the study, a tool was developed to assess the potential rights implementation in the Republic of Karelia - an observational passport of indigenous peoples. The presented material is based on the results of a survey organized in the fall of 2017 in all municipalities of the Republic of Karelia. The authors substantiate the differentiation of potential rights implementation of the indigenous peoples of the Republic in 4 sectors (economic, social, cultural, and religious), according to 3 levels (low, medium, and high). It was found that the low potential rights implementation in almost every sector of the study is typical of the Vepsians, the Karelians, and the Finns are generally characterized by the potential rights implementation of the average level.

Let us remind you that the Constitution of the Republic of Karelia, adopted on February 7, 2001, declared that in the republic "measures are being taken to revive, preserve and develop the Karelians, Vepsians and Finns living on its territory 3 . It is obvious that the Finns are precisely such an ethnic (national) minority. However, the existing legal and categorical ambiguity allows today activists of opposition organizations in the republic to consider Finns as another "indigenous" people of Karelia.
The aim of the article is to form an observational passport of the indigenous smallnumbered peoples of the Republic of Karelia (for Vepsians, Karelians, and Finns), which would record different degrees of satisfaction of the representatives of the indigenous small-numbered population of the Republic with the results of the policy pursued.
The subject of this article is the peculiarities of the potential for the realization of the rights of Karelians, Vepsians and Finns -representatives of indigenous peoples and ethnic (national) minorities of Karelia.

Fundamental foundations of the potential for the realization of the rights of indigenous peoples
The Constitution is a guarantee for the realization of the rights of indigenous peoples in Russia. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Art. 69) establishes that "the Russian Federation guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation". Complementing this provision with the norms that enshrine the population's right to self-government, to participate in the management of local affairs, the Constitution forms the primary, highest level of protection of the rights of small peoples.
At the same time, real opportunities for the implementation of the declared rights of indigenous peoples are created by a number of specific circumstances: the degree of development of national legislation related to the regulation of life and the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples at the federal, regional and local levels; the complexity of solving problems of the social, political, economic and cultural plan not only in the territories of traditional residence of small peoples, but also throughout the territory of Russia; the effectiveness of the activities of local self-government bodies, Commissioners for Human Rights in the regions to create conditions for the realization of the rights of these peoples, to protect the original habitat, traditional way of life, management and fishing of small peoples. These circumstances are set by the policy of the state in relation to small peoples. The Russian state in relations with small peoples has evolved from imperative methods, a policy of protectionism to a policy of partnership.
The specificity of the legal status of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Russian Federation lies in the fact that along with the fullness of their rights and freedoms as citizens of the Russian Federation, they are additionally endowed with collective individual rights: in the economic sphere -preferential conditions for the development of traditional economic activities; in the socio-cultural sphere -support in the development of the native language and literature, ethnic media, benefits for admission to educational institutions, the right to replace military service with alternative civilian service; in the political sphere -by granting the right of legislative initiative to ethnic associations, some preferences regarding the formation of electoral districts in places of compact residence of small indigenous peoples. If, as a general rule, when forming electoral districts, approximate equality in the number of voters should be observed and a deviation of no more than 10% is considered permissible, then in places of compact residence of indigenous minorities, a deviation of no more than 40% is considered permissible (Part 4, Art. 18) 4 . The practice of allocating quotas to government bodies for small peoples in Russia did not take root.   (Table 1), which provides information on the teaching of the Karelian, Vepsian and Finnish languages in schools of Karelia 8 .  It is also noted that in Karelia the method of "language nests" is used in relation to the Karelian and Vepsian languages [6, Russian Arctic: indigenous peoples and industrial development, p. 222]. A child who has learned to speak only the language of the national majority in the family comes to the kindergarten group, where the staff from the very beginning and in all situations speaks to him only in the language of the national minority. The child begins to understand a new language very quickly. Despite the effectiveness of the methodology, the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation opposed its introduction in Russia, noting that the method is not suitable for Russia, since it "leads to ethnic segregation".

What is the potential for the realization of the rights of indigenous peoples in the Republic of Karelia?
Based on fundamental principles, let us analyze how the constitutional declaration on the implementation of measures for the revival, preservation, and free development of Karelians, Vepsians and Finns living in its territory is being implemented in the Republic of Karelia.
The methodology of this analysis involves monitoring the indigenous minorities in four sectors, conducting a survey of representatives of these peoples, creating an infographic tool "Observational passport of indigenous minorities of the Republic of Karelia." Observational passport of the indigenous peoples of the Republic of Karelia is an infographic toolkit that presents the results of monitoring and analysis to assess the potential for realizing the rights of indigenous peoples living in the Republic of Karelia.
The monitoring area includes 4 information sectors: social, economic, cultural, and reli-

Results of the survey of indigenous peoples of Karelia
As   The objectives of this study do not imply the distribution of the sample by municipalities, gen- The sample size of the survey of indigenous peoples of the Republic of Karelia was calculated using the formula: here n is the sample size, Δ is the confidence interval, z is the value of the normal distribution function for a given probability of deviation (for a probability of 5%, this value is 1.96).
The total number of nationalities is distributed according to their types in accordance with their structure of the general population ( Table 4).
The survey results were grouped into the following blocks -social, economic, cultural, and religious.
Social block of the survey. It was found that the respondents know practically nothing about the benefits for small indigenous peoples; of all the respondents, only 4.3% enjoyed benefits in the field of education.
Half of the respondents (41.5%) assess their health as satisfactory, 41% as good. Perhaps this is due to the fact that not only young respondents took part in the survey (the majority of respondents are over 35 years old). Most of the interviewed respondents lead an unhealthy lifestyle: 71.5% smoke, 52.6% take alcohol; 80.6% cannot tolerate protein, 74.3% cannot tolerate milk and dairy products, 33.2% have chronic diseases (Fig. 1).  week). At the same time, the other half of the respondents -33.6% cook less than once a month, and 8.3% -never (Fig. 4).

Observational passport of the indigenous peoples of Karelia
All the data obtained for four sectors of the study were ranged using points from 1 to 3, where 1 point would correspond to a low potential for the realization of the rights of indigenous peoples, 2 points -an average potential, 3 points -a high potential. The ranking was based on the answers of Karelians, Vepsians, Finns to all questions.
Due to the point ranking, it is possible to identify low / medium / high potential for the implementation of the rights of indigenous peoples in the Republic of Karelia in four blocks (cultural, social, economic, religious). As a result, Table 6 was formed, demonstrating low / medium / high potential for the implementation of the rights of indigenous peoples (Veps, Karels, Finns) in the Republic of Karelia separately by research sector. It is obvious that the Veps demonstrate a low potential for the realization of their rights in almost every sector of the study, the Karels and Finns are generally characterized by the potential for the realization of an average level.
As a result of the study, a summarizing diagram of monitoring and analysis of the potential for the realization of the rights of indigenous peoples in the Republic of Karelia was formed (Fig. 6).