Academic Turkish World Studies: Tourism, Culture, Art and Architecture
Summary
Turkish world. The issues stated with 30 different subject titles in the book have been
tried to be examined in detail.
Excerpt
Table Of Contents
- Cover
- Title
- Copyright
- About the editor
- About the book
- This eBook can be cited
- Book Abstract
- Keywords
- Editor CV
- Table of Contents
- List of Contributors
- 1 Evaluation of Personality Traits of Tourism Employees (Bahar DEVECİ)
- 2 Investigations of Two Residences (Leed Certification) (Bahar SULTAN QURRAIE and Feride Çiğdem KARA)
- 3 Rainwater Harvesting in Energy Efficient Building Design (Bahar SULTAN QURRAIE and Merve Tuğba ERCAN)
- 4 Development of Spiritual & Historical Tourism (Almas KURALBAYEV and Bülent ŞEN)
- 5 New Generation Accommodation Concept: Glamping (Burhan SEVİM and Selda YORDAM)
- 6 Elements Affecting the Modern Kastamonu Urban Texture (Bülent ORAL and Cüneyt ÖZDEN)
- 7 Design Philosophy and Natural Inspiration (Çiğdem BOGENÇ)
- 8 Distribution of Leisure Time Spaces in Manavgat (Ebru GÖZEN and Gözde Seval ERGÜN)
- 9 Views of Geography Students on Pedagogical Formation1 (Esengül DOĞRU, Güzin KANTÜRK YİĞİT, Tuğba TURGUT)
- 10 Coffeehouse Culture and Historical Coffeehouses in Safranbolu (A. Esra Bölükbaşı ERTÜRK)
- 11 Spatial Competence in Urban Transformation Projects: Ankara (Fulya ÖZMEN, Merve TUNA KAYILI and Beyza ONUR)
- 12 Cultural Heritage Case: Kastamonu, Geymene Nail Workshops (Gökçen GÖKGÖZ GEDİK)
- 13 The Role of Tourism in the Preservation (Gülhan SÖZBİLEN)
- 14 Assyrian (Syriac) Wine as a Gastronomic Value (Mehmet GÜLLÜ)
- 15 An Analysis on Tourism Participation Motivations (Sevgi ÖZTÜRK and Yasin DÖNMEZ)
- 16 Service Recovery (İlker ÖZTÜRK)
- 17 Investigation of the Temporal Change of Land Use with GIS (Fatih AYDIN and Beyza Nur YÜCEDAĞ)
- 18 Gastronomy Museums as an Attractiveness Element (Ezgi KIRICI TEKELİ and İrem BOZKURT)
- 19 Authenticity in Tourism (Fuat ATASOY)
- 20 The Legitimacy Problem of Political Behaviours (Aziz Gökhan ÖZKOÇ and Ebru KEMER)
- 21 Mevlevi Cuisine in the Perspective of Culture & Gastronomy (Mehmet GÜLLÜ)
- 22 Crisis Management during the Covid-19 Pandemic (Derya Gül ÖZTÜRK and Ahmet Alp ÖZBALCI)
- 23 Faith Tourism in Konya Destination (Mustafa Cüneyt ŞAPCILAR)
- 24 Silk Road Tourism in Turkey (Mehmet TEKELİ and Emre AYKAÇ)
- 25 Ecotourism After Covid (Yasin DÖNMEZ and Sevgi ÖZTÜRK)
- 26 Göbeklitepe and Çatalhöyük In-between Protective Roofs (Meryem SARIKAYA and Türkan Ceylan ÜNAL BAŞTÜRK)
- 27 Wine Tourism Routes, Producers and Vineyards (Gürkan ÇALIŞKAN)
- 28 Evaluation of Cattle and Ovine Breeding in Sivas (Fatih KARTAL)
- 29 Innovations in Tourism Education (Burhan SEVİM and Kaan Berk DALAHMETOĞLU)
- 30 Sustainability in Tourism (Fatih TÜRKMEN and Emre AYKAÇ)
List of Contributors
Fuat ATASOY
PhD., Ankara University, Department of Tourism & Hotel Management, Vocational School of Beypazarı, atasoyf@ankara.edu.tr
Fatih AYDIN
Prof. Dr., Karabük Üniversity, Faculty of Literature, Department of Geography, fatihaydin@karabuk.edu.tr
Emre AYKAÇ
Dr., Independent Scientist, emreaykac1@hotmail.com
Çiğdem BOGENÇ
Assist. Prof., Dr., Karabük University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, cigdembogenc@karabuk.edu.tr
İrem BOZKURT
Lecturer, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Ürgüp Sebahat ve Erol Toksöz Vocational High School, Department of Hotel, Restaurant and Catering, Tourism and Hotel Management Programme, irembozkurt@nevsehir.edu.tr
Gürkan ÇALIŞKAN
Research Assistant, Kastamonu University, Faculty of Tourism, gcaliskan@kastamonu.edu.tr
Kaan Berk DALAHMETOĞLU
PhD Student, Kastamonu University Institute of Social Sciences, kaanberkdalahmetoglu@gmail.com
Bahar DEVECİ
Assist. Prof. Dr., Kırklareli University, Pınarhisar Vocational School, Department of Travel-Tourism and Entertainment Services bahar.dvc@gmail.com
Esengül DOĞRU
PhD Student. Karabuk University, Institute of Graduate Education, Department of Geography Karabuk, Turkey, esenguldogru@gmail.com
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Karabük Üniversity, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, yasindonmez@karabuk.edu.tr
Merve Tuğba ERCAN
MS.c. Student, Karabük University, Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Department of Architecture
Gözde Seval ERGÜN
Assist. Prof., Dr., Akdeniz University, Manavgat Tourism Faculty, Department of Tourism Management, gates@akdeniz.edu.tr
A. Esra Bölükbaşı ERTÜRK
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Karabük Üniversity, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, esrabolukbasi@gmail.com
Gökçen GÖKGÖZ GEDİK
Lecturer, Kastamonu University, Taşköprü Vocational School, Architectural Restoration Programme, gokcengokgoz@kastamonu.edu.tr
Ebru GÖZEN
Assist. Prof., Dr., Akdeniz University, Manavgat Tourism Faculty, Department of Recreation Management, ebrugozen@akdeniz.edu.tr
Mehmet GÜLLÜ
Assist. Prof. Dr., Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, mehmet.gullu@gop.edu.tr
Güzin KANTÜRK YİĞİT
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Karabuk University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Geography, Karabuk, Turkey, gkanturkyigit@karabuk.edu.tr
Feride Çiğdem KARA
MS.c. Student, Karabük University, Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Department of Architecture, 2028123001@ogrenci.karabuk.edu.tr
Fatih KARTAL
Research Assistant, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Education, Department of Geography Education, fatihkartal.58@hotmail.com
Assist. Prof. Dr., Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, S. S. Vocational School, ebrukemer@ohu.edu.tr
Ezgi KIRICI TEKELİ
Assist. Prof., Dr., Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, The School of Applied Sciences, Department of Tourism Guidance, ezgi.krc@windowslive.com
Almas KURALBAYEV
Dr. Ahmet Yasawi University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan, almas.kuralbayev@ayu.edu.kz
Beyza ONUR
Assist. Prof., Dr., Karabük Üniversity, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, beyzaonurr@gmail.com
Bülent ORAL
Asst. Prof. Dr., Karabük University, Faculty of Literature, bulentoral7@gmail.com
Ahmet Alp ÖZBALCI
Dr., Samsun University, Department of Rektorate, aalpozbalci@gmail.com
Cüneyt ÖZDEN
Expert, Soyak Auction, cuneytozden@outlook.com
Aziz Gökhan ÖZKOÇ
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Faculty of Tourism, Tourism Management Department, aziz.ozkoc@gmail.com
Fulya ÖZMEN
Dr., Gazi University Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, ful.61@hotmail.com
Derya Gül ÖZTÜRK
Research Assistant Dr. Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Söke Faculty of Business Administration, derya.gul@adu.edu.tr
Assist. Prof., Dr., Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Tourism and Hotel Management, ilker5885@gmail.com
Sevgi ÖZTÜRK
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, sevgiozturk37@gmail.com
Mustafa Cüneyt ŞAPCILAR
Assist. Prof. Dr., Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Tourism, Department of Tourism Management, mustafcuneyt@gmail.com
Meryem SARIKAYA
Lecturer, Beykent University, Vocational School, Interior Design Program, meryemsarikaya@beykent.edu.tr
Bülent ŞEN
Dr. Ahmet Yasawi University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan, bulentsen60@gmail.com
Burhan SEVİM
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Kastamonu University, Faculty of Tourism, bsevim@kastamonu.edu.tr
Gülhan SÖZBİLEN Lecturer, Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Ürgüp Sebahat and Erol Toksöz Tourism Vocational School, Tourism Travel and Entertainment Services Department, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Program, gulhansozbilen@nevsehir.edu.tr
Bahar SULTAN QURRAIE
Assist. Prof., Dr., Karabük University, Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and Architecture, Department of Architecture, baharsultan@karabuk.edu.tr
Mehmet TEKELİ
Dr., Independent Scientist, tekelimehmet@hotmail.com
Merve TUNA KAYILI
Assist. Prof., Dr., Karabük University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, archmervetuna@gmail.com
PhD Student. Kastamonu University, Faculty of Education, Department of Turkish and Social Sciences Education, Department of Social Studies Education, Kastamonu, Turkey, tugbatrgt78@gmail.com
Fatih TÜRKMEN
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Karabük University, Faculty of Tourism, Department of Tourism Management, fatihturkmen@karabuk.edu.tr
Türkan Ceylan ÜNAL BAŞTÜRK
Lecturer, Beykent University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Interior Architecture, ceylanbasturk@beykent.edu.tr
Selda YORDAM
Research Assistant, Kastamonu University, syordam@kastamonu.edu.tr
Beyza Nur YÜCEDAĞ
Karabuk University, Undergraduate Student, beyzanuryucedag@hotmail.com
Bahar DEVECİ
1 Evaluation of Personality Traits of Tourism Employees1
Introduction
Tourism has become one of the fastest-growing and developing sectors in the world, especially since the 1950s (Tîtu et al., 2016: 294). In this respect, its importance in the global economy is increasing day by day (Chen et al., 2010: 198). Tourism sector is very important in terms of generating income, providing the capital necessary for development and growth, and development of countries (UNWTO, 2020: 5–6).
Although there have been exceptionally significant decreases in both tourist numbers and tourism revenues due to the pandemic affecting the world in 2020 (Skare et al., 2021: 1), looking at the past years, it is observed that these numbers increase at certain rates every year. For example, upon reviewing Turkey in the light of current tourism statistics; the number of tourists was 30.9 million in 2016, 37.9 million in 2017, 46.1 million in 2018 and 51.7 million in 2019. When looking at tourism revenue; it stands out as $22.1 billion in 2016, $26.2 billion in 2017, $29.5 billion in 2018 and $34.5 billion in 2019 (KTB, 2021). In the light of numerical data, it is observed that the tourism sector has grown and developed significantly. In the tourism sector, tourism enterprises need to stand out with quality service offerings in order to compete and succeed (Fick & Ritchie, 1991: 2). In order to talk about a quality service in the tourism sector (Leung & Law, 2010: 439), where human relations are intense, one of the highlights is the personality traits of the employees. Personality significantly affects the feelings, thoughts and behaviors of the employees. During the service delivery, the employees communicate with the tourists on behalf of business they are affiliated with, and the behaviors exhibited during this communication affect the perception of the quality of service of tourists (Kim et al., 2019: 156–157). From here, it is possible to say that the personality traits of the employees are very important.
The purpose of this research is to evaluate of the personality traits of the employees working in tourism enterprises and examine the positive and negative outcomes that come with personality traits. In this sense, local and foreign researches evaluating the ←19 | 20→personality traits of tourism employees in tourism literature have been reviewed. In line with the results obtained, several recommendations have been presented.
Conceptual Analysis of Personality
When we look at the personality definitions in the literature, it is observed that it is defined as “all the physical, mental and spiritual characteristics that make one individual different from the other” (Divanoğlu & Uslu, 2018: 4341). It is stated that numerous studies have been carried out on the identification of personality with a complex structure and many personality theories have emerged as a result of these researches. Each theory has different personality descriptions and opinions (Feist & Feist, 2008: 13). In general, these theories are listed as “Psychoanalytic Theories”, “Behavioral and Cognitive Theories”, “Humane/Existential Theories” and “Distinctive Trait Theories” (Burger, 2006). “Five-Factor Personality Traits Theory” is one of the theories in the Distinctive Trait Theories. “The Five-Factor Personality Traits Theory“ based on the trait approach benefits from many adjectives in terms of measuring personality (Baltacı, 2017: 60; Polatçı et al., 2017: 557).
Shaping the Five-Factor Personality Model covers a long process (Demirci et al., 2007: 21). Since the 1930s, researchers have begun researching to determine the extent of personality traits. In these studies, thousands of adjectives have been defined to express personality. However, in order to make a classification because of the fact that there are too many adjectives and not all of them can be used, the researchers conducted their research using factor analysis technique from statistical methods. In consequence of these studies, it has been determined that the factor numbers of personality models vary (Digman, 1990: 418; Feist & Feist, 2008: 407). By the 1960s, it was observed that the personality began to be explained under five dimensions, which gained momentum in the 1980s and 1990s (Deniz & Erciş, 2008: 303). In the late 1980s, a consensus was reached by researchers on the “Five-Factor Personality Model” to regulate the complexity of personality (Goldberg, 1990: 1217; Taggar et al., 1999: 902). It is stated that the five factors of personality are confirmed in many intercultural studies and that research on personality can be compiled into five factors (Riemann et al., 1997: 450; Guenole & Chernyshenko, 2005: 86; Noftle et al., 2011: 210). Dimensions of the “Five-Factor Personality Theory” (Benet-Martinez & John, 1998: 730), which classifies numerous distinctive personality traits and gathers them in five main groups, listed as “extraversion”, “agreeableness”, “conscientiousness”, “neuroticism” and “openness to development” (Costa & McCrae, 1992: 654; McCrae & John, 1992: 175; Somer, 1998: 18–19; Gray & Watson, 2002: 178). The behaviors associated with these personality traits are detailed in Tab. 1.
Personality Trait |
Behaviors Associated with Personality Trait |
|---|---|
Extraversion |
leadership, enthusiasm, mobility, sociability, looking for excitement, loving being in society, being active, being human-oriented, chatty, warmth, self-expression, having many friends, being able to have a healthier relationship, being more successful in group work and adapting to different cultures, having higher performance in business life, planning more than introverts and feeling less tired, etc. |
Agreeableness |
honesty, forgiveness, generosity, reliability, selflessness, docility, frankness, humility, kindness, compassion, sacrifice, charity, understanding, respect, conciliation, etc. |
Conscientiousness |
tenacious, cautious, punctual, hardworking, practical, dignified, careful, regular, disciplined, prudent, determined, planned, controlled, meticulous, persevering, problem solving oriented, having higher performance in business life, seeking success, coping with stress, etc. |
Neuroticism |
guilt, fear, sadness, depression, irritability, tenderness, haste, tension, anxiety, restlessness, impatience, sudden change of emotions, timidity, anxiety, being unhappy, anxious, unstable, etc. |
Openness to development |
independence, openness to innovation, high imagination, curiosity, sensitivity, flexibility, bold, willing to make new discoveries, loving to make new friends, coming up with new ideas, interested in art, liberal, productive, etc. |
Source: Compiled from McCrae & John, 1992: 178–179; Matzler & Renzl, 2007: 590–591; Wallace, 2007: 105; Kozako et al., 2013: 183; Naude et al., 2016: 3; Mhlanga, 2019: 3; Stamenković et al., 2019: 619–621. | |
Researches to Determine the Personality Traits of Employees in Tourism Enterprises and Their Results
Upon reviewing the literature, it is found that “the personality traits of the employees” working in many different sectors have been researched. In this research, the personality traits of the employees working in tourism enterprises were evaluated. Here are some examples of research on personality.
A research has been carried out by Kim et al. (2007) with the participation of 191 employees working in hospitality businesses in America to determine “the relationship between personality traits and occupational burnout”. In consequence of the research, it has been revealed that the dominant personality trait that employees have is “agreeableness”. Additionally, a negative relationship has ←21 | 22→been identified between “extraversion” and “burnout”, “agreeableness” and “cynicism”; and a positive relationship has been identified between “neuroticism” and “burnout”, “neuroticism” and “cynicism”.
A research has been conducted by Kim et al. (2009) with the participation of 187 employees working in food and beverage businesses to determine “the relationship between occupational burnout, professional commitment and personality traits”. In consequence of the research; it has been found that the dominant personality trait of the employees is “agreeableness”, and the “neuroticism” personality trait is the feature that most affects burnout. Additionally, it was stated that the effects of positive personality traits such as “extraversion” and “agreeableness” on “burnout” were not confirmed and the effects on “professional commitment” were weak.
A research has been conducted by Chen et al. (2010) with the participation of 215 marine tourism employees to determine “the relationship between personality traits, work motivation and innovative behaviors”. In consequence of the research; a positive relationship has been found between “extraversion”, “agreeableness” and “openness to development” and “innovative behavior”. Additionally, significant relationships between “personality traits” and “work motivation sub-dimensions” have been identified.
A research has been conducted by O’Neil and Xiao (2010) with the participation of 544 hotel managers in America to determine “the impact of personality traits and organizational traits on emotional burnout”. In consequence of the research; it has been found that “extraversion” affects “emotional burnout” negatively and “neuroticism” affects “emotional burnout” positively.
A research has been carried out by Tekin et al. (2012) with the participation of 142 employees working in hotel enterprises operating in Ankara to determine “personality traits and the relationship between these personality traits and organizational conflict management”. In consequence of the research; it has been revealed that the dominant personality trait of the employees is “openness to development”. Additionally, a positive relationship has been established between the personality trait of “extraversion” and the “avoidance strategy” which is one of the conflict management strategies.
A research has been conducted by Develioğlu and Tekin (2013) with the participation of 539 employees working in hotel enterprises operating in Antalya Kemer to determine “the relationship between personality traits and alienation”. In consequence of the research; it has been revealed that the personality trait “neuroticism” positively affects “ alienation”.
A research has been conducted by Pelit et al. (2013) with the participation of 221 hotel managers in İstanbul and Antalya to determine “personality traits ←22 | 23→and the relationship between these personality traits and conflict management method”. In consequence of the research; it has been found that the dominant personality trait of hotel managers is “conscientiousness”. Additionally, it has been detected that there was a significant relationship between “personality traits” and “some methods of managing conflict”. In addition, in managing the conflict between hotel managers and employees; hotel managers have been found to use “reconciliation”, “organizational measures” and “problem solving” methods.
A research has been conducted by Kozako et al. (2013) with the participation of 178 employees working in hospitality businesses to determine “the impact of personality traits on counterproductive work behaviors”. Counterproductive work behaviors are considered “organizational” and “individual”. In consequence of the research; a positive relationship has been found between “neuroticism” and “openness to development” traits and “counterproductive work behaviors (organizational)” that employees have at a high level; and a negative relationship has been between “agreeableness” personality traits and “counterproductive work behaviors (organizational)”. Additionally, a positive relationship has been found between “neuroticism” and “openness to development” traits and “counterproductive work behaviors (individual)” that employees have at a high level; and a negative relationship has been between “extraversion” and “agreeableness” personality traits and “counterproductive work behaviors (individual)”.
Details
- Pages
- 594
- Year
- 2021
- ISBN (PDF)
- 9783631853474
- ISBN (ePUB)
- 9783631861332
- ISBN (MOBI)
- 9783631861349
- ISBN (Softcover)
- 9783631853467
- DOI
- 10.3726/b18632
- Language
- English
- Publication date
- 2021 (September)
- Keywords
- Art Architectural Culture Gastronomy Turkish tourism academic studies tourism sector
- Published
- Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien, 2021. 594 pp., 197 fig. b/w, 58 tables.
