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冯金梅, 孙隽, 文建凡. 2012: 核仁研究新进展. 动物学研究, 33(6): 549-556. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2012.06549
引用本文: 冯金梅, 孙隽, 文建凡. 2012: 核仁研究新进展. 动物学研究, 33(6): 549-556. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2012.06549
FENG Jin-Mei, SUN Jun, WEN Jian-Fan. 2012: Advances in the study of the nucleolus. Zoological Research, 33(6): 549-556. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2012.06549
Citation: FENG Jin-Mei, SUN Jun, WEN Jian-Fan. 2012: Advances in the study of the nucleolus. Zoological Research, 33(6): 549-556. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2012.06549

核仁研究新进展

Advances in the study of the nucleolus

  • 摘要: 核仁是真核细胞间期核中最显著的结构.其主要功能是进行rRNA的合成和核糖体大、小亚基的装配.然而, 近年来的研究提示核仁可能还参与了一系列其他功能活动, 如mRNA和tRNA的加工成熟、信号识别颗粒的组装、端粒酶活性和调节细胞周期等.对多个物种核仁蛋白质组数据的分析也显示核仁中具有许多与核糖体生物合成无关以及功能未知的蛋白, 表明核仁在组成和功能上远比人们以前的认识复杂.同时, 核仁蛋白质组数据的获得也为人们从组学水平研究核仁的起源与进化提供了新视角.该文对近年来在核仁结构、功能、蛋白质/基因组学研究及其起源与进化等方面的进展进行了概述, 并探讨了一些有待于进一步研究的问题.

     

    Abstract: As the most prominent sub-nuclear compartment in the interphase nucleus and the site of ribosome biogenesis, the nucleolus synthesizes and processes rRNA and also assembles ribosomal subunits. Though several lines of research in recent years have indicated that the nucleolus might have additional functions—such as the assembling of signal recognition particles, the processing of mRNA, tRNA and telomerase activities, and regulating the cell cycle—proteomic analyses of the nucleolus in three representative eukaryotic species has shown that a plethora of proteins either have no association with ribosome biogenesis or are of presently unknown function. This phenomenon further indicates that the composition and function of the nucleolus is far more complicated than previously thought. Meanwhile, the available nucleolar proteome databases has provided new approaches and led to remarkable progress in understanding the nucleolus. Here, we have summarized recent advances in the study of the nucleolus, including new discoveries of its structure, function, genomics/proteomics as well as its origin and evolution. Moreover, we highlight several of the important unresolved issues in this field.

     

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