Effectiveness of Learning Package on Knowledge Regarding Child Rearing Among Mothers of Under Five Children

Background: Children are future of society and mothers are guardian of that future, foremost health, safety, and nutrition are important for under five children. Child rearing refer generally to all interactions between mothers and children. They often are unaware that their child rearing knowledge that can affect their children's health includes healthy food habits, Developmental milestones, and preventive measures of accidents. Mothers of under-five children does not have adequate knowledge about child rearing. Thus, by educating theme helps to update knowledge. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of learning package on knowledge regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children. Methodology: A Quasi-experimental Two group pre-test post-test design and non-probability purposive sampling techniques was adopted to assess the effectiveness of learning package. The sample size was and equally divided into two group,30 in each group (experimental and control group). Result: The finding of the study reveals that majority of mothers of under-five children belong to the age group 21-25 years. In the experimental group pre-test mean ± SD of level knowledge was 8.47 ± 2.54 were significant different with post-test mean ± SD was 20.2± 2.55. In the experimental group pre-test post-test obtained calculated “t” value was (15.41), Mean Difference was 11.73. p-value (<0.0001) was less than 0.05. In the control group and experimental group there was a significance association between marital status and level of knowledge among mothers of under-five children at 0.05 level of significance. Others demographic variables had no significant association with level of knowledge regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children.


INTRODUCTION
Under five children are vulnerable and liable to get various diseases and disabilities which may lead to high mortality.It is very important to provide comprehensive care services to children in order to promote the optimal health level.Mother is one who take care of the child, it is very important that she should need to have knowledge regarding child rearing for her under-five children [1] Child rearing refers to bringing up of children by mothers.They need to receive nurturing care from their mothers and family to achieve their full potential.Child health and their future are dependent upon the mother's awareness and education.Mothers should have knowledge regarding child rearing the component of child rearing for under five children are healthy food habits, developmental milestones, and prevention of accidents.Exclusive breastfeeding and timely care during illness that all contributes to a child healthy growth and development. [2]rld Health Organization and American academics of paediatrics recommended that exclusive breastfeeding for up to first six months, and introducing appropriate complementary foods with breastfeeding for up to two years of age. [3]trition is the science of food and relationship with health.Nutrition is a basic human need as well as prerequisite to a healthy life.According to United Nations Children's fund (UNICEF), in the year 2016-2018, reported the causes of childhood malnutrition like insufficient diet, frequent infections, poor breastfeeding practices, delayed introduction of complementary foods and inadequate protein in the diet.Many common health problems can be prevented or alleviated with a healthy diet. [4]der-five children physical and mental development happens during first five years of life, as this period is a significant for child's ability to roll over, crawl, stand, walk, and run are crucial milestones in neurological development. [5]der five children are naturally curious.They learn about the world by physically interacting with the things around them.They like to touch, feel, and explore.They also learn about properties of things by putting them in their mouths.A very young child will drink anything be attracted to moving objects and objects they are just beginning to learn to control their bodies, they can easily trip or fall.As a result of these characteristics, they are high risk for accidents due to drowning, poisoning, cuts, and crashes.This natural tendency to explore the world around them combined with their inability to recognize danger and to inhibit their actions can put under five children at high risk of injury or accidents. [6]OBLEM STATEMENT A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Learning Package on Knowledge Regarding Child Rearing Among Mothers of Under Five Children at Shri Vinoba Bhave Civil Hospital, Silvassa, Dadra, and Nagar Haveli.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To assess the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children in control group and experimental group.
2. To determine the effectiveness of learning package regarding child rearing on improving level of knowledge among mothers of under-five children in control group and experimental group.3. To find out the association between the pre-test level of knowledge in control group and experimental group with their selected demographic variables among mothers of under-five children.

HYPOTHESES
Hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance H A1 : There will be significant difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge scores regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children.H A2 : There will be significant association between the level of knowledge and selected demographic variables among mothers of under-five children.Hence the stated hypothesis (H A1 ) was accepted that there will be significant difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge scores regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children.

PART 4: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE WITH SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
There was a significance association between marital status and level of knowledge among mothers of under-five children so that stated hypothesis (H 02 ) was accepted and others demographic variables had no significant association with level of knowledge regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children so that stated hypothesis (H 02 ) was rejected.The finding of the study were supported by Tamilarasi B. (2014), on Effectiveness of educational intervention package on knowledge and practice regarding child rearing among mothers of infant.The finding of the study showed that the paired "t" test value was 20.7 it is highly significant at the level of p-0.001.The difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge score is high and it is statistically very high significant.Thus, it indicates the effectiveness of educational intervention package on child rearing among mothers of infant. [8]ection 3: Association Between the Level 0f Knowledge in Control Group and Experimental Group with their Selected Demographic Variables Among Mothers of Under-Five Children.

DISCUSSION
In this present study there was a significance association between marital status and level of knowledge among mothers of under-five children so that stated hypothesis (H 02 ) was accepted and others demographic variables had no significant association with level of knowledge regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children so that stated hypothesis (H 02 ) was rejected.This study is consisted with following studies.
The finding of the study were supported byD' Souza A. (2013), a descriptive study to assess the knowledge and attitude on child rearing among 150 fathers of hospitalized children of 1-6 year of age.
The result of the study showed that there was no significant association between knowledge with their selected socio demographic variables among fathers. [9] Study Design: Quasi-Experimental two group pre-test post-test research design Research Setting: Paediatric ward of SVBCH,Silvassa, DNH Population: Mothers of under-five children admitted in selected hospitals of DNH & DD Sample Size: 60 mothers of under-five children (30 in control group and 30 in experimental group) Sampling Technique: Non-probability purposive sampling technique DESCRIPTION OF TOOL Section I: Demographic Data of Mothers and Child Section II: Structured Knowledge Questionnaires on Child Rearing DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION PART 1: FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BASED ON DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN.

Figure 2 . 1 :
Figure 2.1:Frequency and Percentage Distribution Between Control Group and Experimental Group of Pre-Test and Post-Test Level of Knowledge Regarding Child Rearing Among Mothers of Under-Five Children.

Table 3 .
1 reveals that in experimental group pre-test and post-test theoverall, calculated "t" value was 15.41, mean difference was 11.7, p-value (<0.001) was less than 0.05.Hence the stated hypothesis (H A1 ) was accepted that there will be significant difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge scores regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children.

Table 3 .2: Comparison Between Control Group and Experimental Group Post-Test to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Learning Package on Knowledge Regarding Child Rearing Among Mothers of Under-Five Children. n=30
The table 3.2 reveals that in control group and experimental group post-test the overall calculated t" value was 15.62, Mean Difference was 11.2,P-value (0.001) was less than 0.05.

Effectiveness of Learning Package on Knowledge Regarding Child Rearing Among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Control Group and Experimental Group
.In the present study findings revealed that comparison of experimental group pre-test and post-test the overall mean difference was 11.7, calculated "t" value was 15.41, p-value (<0.001) was less than 0.05.Hence the stated hypothesis (H A1 ) was accepted that there will be significant difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge scores regarding child rearing among mothers of under-five children.