이 연구는 코로나19와 같은 대유행 전염병이나 감염병을 포함한 비상시, 선원 교대가 지체되는 현황과 국내외 관련 정책을 살펴보고 선원의 안전한 교대 및 선원 처우를 위한 국내법 개정 필요성 도출 및 표준화 필요성을 통한 선원 안전 확보방안 마련을 목적으로 한다.
국내법과 국제협약 상 선원의 최대 승무기한은 12개월 미만이 될 것을 명시하고 있다. 그러나 코로나19의 확산으로 기존 체결했던 근로계약기간보다 초과하여 선원들은 선박 내 체류 또는 고립되는 상황이 발생하고 있다. 또한 장기간 승선으로 인하여 선원의 근로환경, 복지, 처우 등과 관련하여 불합리한 상황에 놓이고 있고 이는 선원의 피로도 및 스트레스의 누적을 가져왔다.
선원교대 지체는 선박 운영에 핵심적인 역할을 하는 선원들의 건강과 선박안전에 직접적인 영향을 끼치고 있으며 승선의 장기화는 결국 해양사고로도 이어질 수 있다.
본 논문에서는 먼저 국제기구, 미국, 영국, 중국 등 해외 주요 해운국 등에서 코로나19 대유행에 따라 발생되는 선원교대 문제를 적극적으로 해결하기 위한 정책 등의 현황을 먼저 비교하였다.
그 이후 코로나19와 같은 비상시 침해당하고 있는 선원의 직무, 복무, 근로조건 등을 「선원법」과 「해사안전법」 중심으로 살펴보고 개선되어야 할 조항이 무엇인지에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 개정안에는 코로나19 등 전 세계 범유행, 피해 등을 일으키는 전염병 또는 감염병이 발생한 경우를 명시하여 선원 하선 시 송환 비용･수당, 유급휴가와 유급휴가비용에 대하여 자세하게 알아보았다. 또한 선원의 안전을 확보하기 위하여 관련 국내법과 해사노동협약의 개선방향을 제시하고 국제표준화를 선도하기 위한 필요성을 제시하였다.
향후 코로나19를 계기로 정부와 산업계가 협업하여 개선된 법의 울타리 속에서 안전하게 선원들이 근무하며 육상직 근로자와 차별없이 동등한 수준으로 대우를 받을 수 있도록 할 필요성이 있다.
This study aims to examine the current status of delays in seafarer’s shifting and related domestics and foreign present policies in emergencies including pandemic such as COVID-19 or infectious diseases. In addition, it aims to derive the necessity of revising domestic laws for safe seafarers’ shifting and their treatment, and to prepare a plan for securing seafarers’ safety through standardization work. Domestic law and international conventions stipulate that the maximum period of service on board for seafarers is 12 months. However, due to the spread of COVID-19, seafarers are still staying or isolated on board the ship, exceeding the existing labor contract period. Also, due to the seafarers’ getting on board for the long period, it is unreasonable in relation to the working environment, welfare, and treatment of the seafarers, which resulted in the accumulation of fatigue and stress of the seafarers. The delay in seafarers’ shifts has a direct impact on the health and safety of them who play a key role in the operation of the ship, and prolonged embarkation can eventually lead to maritime accidents. First, this study compared policies related to domestic seafarers after examining the current status of policies to actively solve the problem of seafarers shifts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in overseas shipping countries and international organizations. Since then, in the event of an emergency such as COVID-19, this study attempts to examine the duties, service, and working conditions of the seafarers being infringed, and to find out what provisions should be improved centering on the 「Seafarers’ Law」 and 「Maritime Safety Law」. In the wake of COVID-19, there is a need for the government and industry to work together to ensure that seafarers work safely within the fence of improved laws and to be treated at the same level without discrimination with shore workers.
This study aims to examine the current status of delays in seafarer’s shifting and related domestics and foreign present policies in emergencies including pandemic such as COVID-19 or infectious diseases. In addition, it aims to derive the necessity of revising domestic laws for safe seafarers’ shifting and their treatment, and to prepare a plan for securing seafarers’ safety through standardization work. Domestic law and international conventions stipulate that the maximum period of service on board for seafarers is 12 months. However, due to the spread of COVID-19, seafarers are still staying or isolated on board the ship, exceeding the existing labor contract period. Also, due to the seafarers’ getting on board for the long period, it is unreasonable in relation to the working environment, welfare, and treatment of the seafarers, which resulted in the accumulation of fatigue and stress of the seafarers. The delay in seafarers’ shifts has a direct impact on the health and safety of them who play a key role in the operation of the ship, and prolonged embarkation can eventually lead to maritime accidents. First, this study compared policies related to domestic seafarers after examining the current status of policies to actively solve the problem of seafarers shifts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in overseas shipping countries and international organizations. Since then, in the event of an emergency such as COVID-19, this study attempts to examine the duties, service, and working conditions of the seafarers being infringed, and to find out what provisions should be improved centering on the 「Seafarers’ Law」 and 「Maritime Safety Law」. In the wake of COVID-19, there is a need for the government and industry to work together to ensure that seafarers work safely within the fence of improved laws and to be treated at the same level without discrimination with shore workers.
