2020년 초반부터 시작되어 장기간 지속되고 있는 코로나 팬더믹 사태는 국민의 일상생활을 상당 부분 바꿔놓았다. 대면으로 이루어지던 일상들이 화상, 온라인으로 바뀌었고, 사회적 거리두기 조치로 인해 영업이 중단되고 많은 공적인 공간들이 폐쇄되었으며 다수가 모이는 행사와 모임이 금지되었다. 감염병의 확산을 방지하여 국민들의 생명과 안전을 지키기 위한 행정 조치들이지만, 국민 생활의 상당부분이 지연되거나 중단되는 상황이 지속되면서 감염병 예방 조치의 정도가 일반적으로 수인될 수 있는 생활의 불편함을 넘어 기본적인 기본권의 영역까지 넘나들고 있다는 문제가 제기된다. 국가가 국민의 생명과 안전을 지키기 위해 취할 수 있는 조치는 어디까지인가. 법률의 수권을 받은 행정권과 감염병 예방 내지 방역이라는 이름으로 행하는 행정조치는 어떻게 실행되어야 정당한 것인가. 감염병 사태에서 국가의 역할, 행정권 그리고 기본권의 관계를 살펴보는 것과 더불어 의미있는 것은 미래의료의 약진이다. 빅데이터의 활용은 코로나를 멈추게 하는데 역할을 할 수 있는 가능성과 국민의 기본권에 미치는 영향을 동시에 가지고 있다. 빅데이터와 인공지능으로 대표되는 미래의료가 감염병 대응에도 활용되면서 머지않은 장래에 백신과 치료제로 나타날 것으로 기대된다. 정보주체의 동의에 의해서 또는 법률적 근거 하에서 활용되는 빅데이터는 감염병의 확산을 조기에 예측하고, 방역 활동의 곳곳에 실시간으로 작용하며 조력을 할 수 있다. 방역에 활용되는 빅데이터의 수집, 생성과 활용이 적법하기 위해서는 정보주체의 협조나, 정보주체의 직접적인 협조가 없다면 정보주체의 동의에 갈음할 수 있는 공익적 목적과 법률적 근거가 필수적인 전제가 된다.
본고에서는 코로나 대응에서 공권력이 활용하는 빅데이터와 관련하여 기본권 침해나 제한으로 문제가 될 수 있는 지점이 어디인지 살펴본다. 공권력의 코로나 대응과 기본권과의 관계에 대해서 우선 검토하고 국가의 의무와 역할, 행정권의 실행의 적정성과 권리구제에 대해서 공법 해석적으로 살펴봄으로써, 코로나 대응에 활용되는 빅데이터를 기화로 하여 이에 관련된 공법적 과제를 전망한다.
The long-running Corona Pandemic crisis, which began in 2020, has changed much of the people’s daily lives. Face-to-face routines were changed to video and online, social distancing measures suspended many public spaces, and banned events and gatherings where the majority gathered. These are administrative measures to protect the lives and safety of the people by preventing the spread of infectious diseases, but as much of the people’s lives continue to be delayed or suspended, the degree of preventive measures against infectious diseases is shifting beyond the inconvenience of living, which can generally be accepted, to the realm of basic rights. How far can the nation take to protect the lives and safety of its people? How should the administrative authority, which has been authorized by the law, implement administrative measures under the name of preventing and preventing infectious diseases? In addition to looking at the role of the state and the relationship between administrative and people’s basic rights in these infectious diseases, what is meaningful is that it is necessary to look at legitimate governance for the utilization of big data as a breakthrough in future medical care. Future medicine, represented by big data and artificial intelligence, is expected to emerge as vaccines and treatments in the near future as it is also used to cope with infectious diseases. Once vaccines and treatments are commercialized, the Corona situation is expected to end, so big data will be evaluated as having played a big role in stopping COVID-19. Big data and Artificial intelligence, which uses big data as materials, can predict the spread of infectious diseases at an early date, and assist in real-time for epidemic prevention activities. Therefore, we look at what can be a problem with basic rights violations or restrictions regarding big data used by governmental authority. By first reviewing the relationship between COVID-19 response of state power and the basic rights and examining the appropriateness of the execution of administrative power in a public legal analysis, by big data used to respond to COVID-19, this paper will help predict the related legal tasks.
The long-running Corona Pandemic crisis, which began in 2020, has changed much of the people’s daily lives. Face-to-face routines were changed to video and online, social distancing measures suspended many public spaces, and banned events and gatherings where the majority gathered. These are administrative measures to protect the lives and safety of the people by preventing the spread of infectious diseases, but as much of the people’s lives continue to be delayed or suspended, the degree of preventive measures against infectious diseases is shifting beyond the inconvenience of living, which can generally be accepted, to the realm of basic rights. How far can the nation take to protect the lives and safety of its people? How should the administrative authority, which has been authorized by the law, implement administrative measures under the name of preventing and preventing infectious diseases? In addition to looking at the role of the state and the relationship between administrative and people’s basic rights in these infectious diseases, what is meaningful is that it is necessary to look at legitimate governance for the utilization of big data as a breakthrough in future medical care. Future medicine, represented by big data and artificial intelligence, is expected to emerge as vaccines and treatments in the near future as it is also used to cope with infectious diseases. Once vaccines and treatments are commercialized, the Corona situation is expected to end, so big data will be evaluated as having played a big role in stopping COVID-19. Big data and Artificial intelligence, which uses big data as materials, can predict the spread of infectious diseases at an early date, and assist in real-time for epidemic prevention activities. Therefore, we look at what can be a problem with basic rights violations or restrictions regarding big data used by governmental authority. By first reviewing the relationship between COVID-19 response of state power and the basic rights and examining the appropriateness of the execution of administrative power in a public legal analysis, by big data used to respond to COVID-19, this paper will help predict the related legal tasks.
