PRINCIPAL’S STRATEGIES IN REALIZING ADIWIYATA SCHOOL: A LITERATURE REVIEW

The importance of the principal's strategies in realizing adiwiyata school (also called green school) drawn the author's interest in conducting a literature review. Environmental thoughtfulness is a mutual awareness and responsibility for every human being. Efforts are required for human to realize environmentally-thoughtful behavior. In the world of education, environmentally thoughtful behavior is applied at the adiwiyata school which is an environmental-based educational institution. As the school's highest leader, the principal is expected to have a plan in place to carry out a program. The research method used is literature review. The goal of this literature review is to obtain a theoretical foundation that can be used to support problem solving in relation to the principal's strategies in realizing adiwiyata schools. The result of the study on the principal's strategies indicate that the principal's strategies have an impact on the program's succession. The principal is in charge of carrying out management functions such as planning

The approval of the Environmental Education policy by four agencies/ministries, namely the State Ministry for the Environment, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Religion, and the Ministry of Home Affairs, is one of the Indonesian government's efforts to achieve national development in environmental education.Population and Enviromental Education, Enviromental Education, Environmentally Cultured School and Green School are used from elementary school to the university (Astuti, 2015).
Therefore, the government is trying to increase the number of adiwiyata schools (Hidayati, 2014).From 2006 to 2011 there were only 1,351 schools participating in the adiwiyata program from 251,415 schools (elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, vocational high school) throughout Indonesia, including those who received independent adiwiyata: 56 schools, adiwiyata: 113 schools, adiwiyata candidates 103 schools, or the total who received the adiwiyata award reached 272 schools (elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, vocational high school) throughout Indonesia (Tim Adiwiyata Tingkat Nasional, 2011).According to the US Green Buildings Council's Center for Green Schools, a green school is defined as a building or school facility that creates a healthy environment conducive to learning while also saving energy, resources, and money.In Ireland, Green schools, also known as Eco-Schools are international environmental education programs that include environmental management systems and award schemes to promote their long-term environmental sustainability initiatives.On the other hand, Institutopara o Desenvolvimento da Habitacao Ecologica (IDHEA) claims that green schools are constructions that are developed based on more sustainable environmental planning by utilizing natural resources, efficient waste management, and rationalizing the use of available materials for sustainability (Lee & Burnett, 2008).
Schools as formal educational organizations have internal personnel in their organizations consisting of principals, teachers, employees and students (Purwanti, 2013).Organizational sustainability is the Principal's responsibility as the leader (Setiyati, 2014).The principal plays an important role in the school's succession.The presence and competence of a leader is the heart of organizational management.A leader must instill positive change in their personal by encouraging them to take the initiative and change (Quin, Deris, Bischoff, & Johnson, 2015).The principal's strategies has a significant impact on increasing teachers' motivation to perform their duties at school (Aksiadi & Gumilar, 2020).Whereas the goal of strategies implementation in an organization is as a means in order to achieve the final results by developing specific policies and techniques to achieve these goals and being able to ensure their proper implementation (Khrisnamurti, 2019).
Every citizen bears responsibility in environmental sustainability management.One of the simplest places to implement environmental conservation is in the field of education.With environmentally friendly facilities, environmentally sound curriculum and policies, the school becomes a good place for learning, so that all of the school members have a stake and responsibility in efforts to save the environment.Both teachers and students should have competence in the development of enviromental learning.This can be accomplished through the principal's role as the highest leader in educational institutions, as well as the preparation of strategic steps.Effective principals can compose strategies for planning, coordinating, mobilizing, and directing teachers, staff, students, and even the community in the school setting.However, there are few literature studies on this topic, particularly on the principal's strategies.As a result, a literature review will be conducted in this review paper.

RESEARCH METHOD
The research method used is literature review.The purpose of this literature review is to obtain a theoretical basis that could support in resolving an issue.Review process begins with a searchon search engine; Google Scholar, for articles containing these keywords; "Principal's Strategies" and "Adiwiyata Program".Search ranged from article Step 1: Define the issues • Choose a topic that is relevant to the issues and interest • The issues must be written completely and accurately Step 2: Look through the literature • Search for literature that is relevant to the research • Get an overview of the research topic • Research sources will be convenient if supported by knowledge related to the topic that being studied.• The sources must provide an overview/summary related to previous research.
Step 3: Data evaluation • Attend to the contribution made by article to the topic • Attend to the contribution of article related to the topic • Data can be quantitative data, qualitative data, or a combination of both Step 4: Analysis and interpretation  Discuss and summarize the literature.

A. Adiwiyata Program
Global warming is the process of average temperature rises of the atmosphere, sea, and land of earth.This rising temperature of earth is caused by growing concentration of greenhouse gasses as a result of human activity.With the presence of global warming, a lot of damages are caused; not only one, but those could reach the entire of earth's structure.
This increase in global temperature will cause numerous changes such as extreme weather, uprising sea level, extinction of various kinds of animals, impinge on agricultural output, loss of glaciers and melting of the ice in North and South Pole (Wuryandari & Akmaliyah, 2016).
Currently, the huge impact of global warming can be felt clearly, starting of the uprising temperature to unpredictable weather without the need to studying it intensively.But understanding of the proper basic concept of global warming need to be emphasized to student from the early age, so that they understand any of the impact that happen due to the process of global warming, so they can determine the right countermeasure to deal with global warming (Asfuriyah & Nuswowati, 2015).Various cases of environmental damages that have occurred both globally or locally, if to be collectively understood, actually rooted from human's view and attitude towards their natural environment.Human's behavior that http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id lacks of awareness and responsibility for the environment have caused imbalance and damage.Based on this problem, to form a character who loves the environment, the government tries to create an environment-based education.The implementation of environment-based education is carried out with environment-based education or adiwiyata school (Aprilia, 2016).
Adiwiyata is one of the program of the State Ministry for the Environment that aims to induce the creation of citizen's knowledge and awareness in order to conserve the environment (Fitria & Samsia, 2020).This in where it is to develop the implementation of environment-based school education, because environmental maintenance are the responsibility of all citizen and an integral part of learning in school, both through intracurricular and extracurricular programs.The implementation of environment-based school is an effort to open the insights and basic environmental management as well as to raise awareness to overcome the broad variety of environmental issues (Dasrita, Saam, Amin, & Siregar, 2015).
Adiwiyata School is one of the programs of the State Ministry of the Environment to encourage the development of knowledge and awareness of environmental conservation among school residents.As a program with the target of formal education at the elementary, junior high and high school levels, this program explains how to make school members care and cultured towards the environment by creating good environmental conditions as a forum for learning and awareness of all school members for the creation of environmental conservation efforts (Kristiawan, Maryanti, & Fitria, 2019).According to the Regulation of the State Ministry for the Environment No.2/2009 Article 1 concerning the Guidelines for the Implementation of Adiwiyata Program that 1) Adiwiyata is a good and ideal school as a place to obtain a variety of knowledge and norm and ethics that can be human this towards the creation of a welfare and the idea of sustainable development; 2) Adiwiyata program is one of national work programs managed by the State Ministry for the Environment in order to realize the development of environmental education; 3) Minister is the minister who carries out government's affairs in the field of environmental management.

B. Principal's Strategies
Strategies comes from the Greek strategos, which means 'army', while 'ago' means 'to lead'.At first strategies was used in the military to gain victory in battles against the enemy.The term strategic planning in management emerged in the 1950s and was popular in the 1960s to 1970s.From several existing definitions, it can be concluded that strategies is a general approach that is long term (Suriansyah, 2015).The principal is a leader who plays an important role in the development and control of educational institutions.In this case, the principal's role as a manager in improving educational quality must be maximized so that he can influence staff and teachers both directly and indirectly.Furthermore, school principals play a significant role in improving educational quality in these institutions (Rosyadi & Pardjono, 2015).The principal is a school leader who is responsible for empowering all existing resources in the school to achieve school goals.As a result, the principal is an important factor that has a large influence in moving schools toward common goals as an education leader (Sriwahyuni, Kristiawan, & Wachidi, 2019).The Principal's strategies is one of the most important factors in efforts to improve school quality.These efforts are carried out by designing, implementing, and performing strategic steps in school management that include all elements of the school and the surrounding community.In order to implement these strategic steps, the principal must not only implement and perform, but also assess its succession, with the expected result being a rise in school quality (Murniati & Harun, 2015).

C. Discussion
Based on the results of a review of various articles obtained, the results of the analysis show that most of the articles focus on the principal's strategy and the adiwiyata program.Table 1.shows that research related to this topic has been carried out in various educational institutions from various countries.The results of the majority of research indicate that it is difficult to find literature that combines the two variables so that the author will explain the findings for each variable.
The rationale of this article is to find out the principal's strategy in realizing Adiwiyata schools.In order to carry out its roles and functions, the principal must have the right strategy to empower educators and education staff through collaboration and encourage the involvement of all educators and education staff in various activities that support school programs.The results of the study on the principal's strategy show that the principal's strategy has an impact on success in realizing a program.This is explained by Dimas Ayu Khrisnamurti that strategy is a large, long-term plan that is increasing, efficient, and productive in order to streamline the achievement of goals developed in detail in the form of operational tactics accompanied by targets and measurable steps.The purpose of strategy in an organization is as a means to achieve final results by formulating certain policies and techniques to achieve these goals and being able to ensure their proper implementation (Khrisnamurti, 2019) To achieve this goal, according to Sri Setiyati, the Principal as the leader who is responsible for the continuity of the organization carries out business management and school development through administrative, management and leadership activities.In connection with that, it can be said that the principal as an administrator functions to plan, organize, direct, coordinate and supervise all educational activities held in a school (Setiyati, 2014).The findings of this study support Basri's findings which state that school principals implement management functions ranging from planning, organizing, implementing and controlling the programs to be run (Basri, 2018).
Another finding in this study related to principals' leadership by Roch Aksiadi and Aris Gumilar shows that leadership style affects principal's leadership effectiveness.The principal is an individual who is required to be able to transform his abilities through guidance, guidance and empowerment to all school members in order to achieve optimal school goals (Aksiadi & Gumilar, 2020).The quality of the school is largely determined by the principal.Jeff Quin, Aaron Deris, Greg Bischoff & James T Johnson stated that principals in high-performing schools were more likely to apply all leadership practices than principals in low-performing schools (Quin et al., 2015).It can be concluded that the principal has a very important and strategic role by implementing the management function in an effort to achieve school programs.
The results of the study on adiwiyata schools show that schools that receive the title of adiwiyata are considered to have succeeded in forming a caring character for the environment (Mukminin, 2014).That character education cares for the environment must be given to children from an early age through habituation.Where the character of caring for the environment has a positive impact on environmental awareness.It seems that what Pradini stated in his research that character building through programs implemented in adiwiyata schools shows several programs related to adiwiyata school indicators such as policies on the environment as outlined in decrees and integrated into each lesson, daily activities without plastic, bringing drinking bottles and eating containers from home, healthy canteens, availability of supporting infrastructure, processing of waste banks in 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) efforts, making biopore infiltration holes and making adiwiyata monument (Pradini et al., 2018).So in her findings, Ellen Landriany stated that in order to realize a school program that cares and is environmentally cultured, a school management model that supports the implementation of environmental education is needed, such as environmental policies that are environmentally sound and set out in decrees and are integrated in subjects, socialization to school residents, and the provision of environmentally friendly facilities and infrastructure (Landriany, 2015).
The reviews in this literature review have limitations including the articles that are reviewed predominantly from Indonesia and the UK so that other studies are not reviewed due to limitations, dissertations and theses are excluded in this article and the scope of the articles reviewed is still very limited and it is difficult to find literature that combines the two variables.

CONCLUSSION
Apart from the limitations of the literature, the findings in this literature review are expected to contribute to the principal's strategy in realizing Adiwiyata schools.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in order to achieve a goal in the institution/organization, a leader in this case the principal must have a strategy, namely the method used in directing all capabilities of all existing resources in an organization in the form of planning, organizing, implementing and control.
This review is still very limited and even difficult to find literature that combines the variables of principal strategy and adiwiyata program.Given that there is still little research that combines the two regarding the principal's strategy in realizing adiwiyata schools, an understanding of the principal's strategy in realizing adiwiyata schools requires further discussion.
that are published between 2000 -2020, and identifying 200 study and article related to stated keyword.The criteria of inclusion in this study are: a. Qualitative and quantitative result of "Strategies of Adiwiyata School's Principal" b.Research from various country in the world c.Research article are written in English and Indonesian d.Dissertation and thesis are excluded The steps in this literature review are: